<p>How closely do the PR multiple choice tests compare to the real exam? Barron’s?</p>
<p>Well, I took a Barron’s practice test and it said I would get a 3, and I took a PR practice test and it gave me a 5… so one of them must be screwed up, I just hope it’s Barron’s!</p>
<p>Just found something interesting, as I was saying about the Barron’s practice test… while PR says that a composite score of around mid-80s out of 150 and higher would be a 5, Barron’s says a 111 out of 150 is a 5… mid-80s on the Barron’s test is a 3! I think the curve is simply VERY difficult in Barron’s, right?</p>
<p>New question:
How is Sulfur Dioxide produced, and why is it such a harmful pollutant? What can be done to slow its emissions?</p>
<p>Sulfur dixoide is produced mainly from the incomplete combustion of coal. Although coal is mostly carbon, it contains sulfuric impurities (up to 10% by mass!) and therefore, when burned, some of the coal combines with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide. It is a harmful pollutant because once in the air, it can combine with other elements to form particulates, sulfuric acid, and becomes a main component of industrial smog. As particulates and smog, SO2 can harm plant and animal life; as acid rain, SO2 can cause plant life to die because it both harms their cells and encourages the growth of fugni on their roots which can, in effect, drown the root systems.</p>
<p>In order to reduce SO2 emissions, coal burning plants can install electrostatic or wet scrubbers. While these scrubbers would represent a stop-cap solution, we can take even more action by using less coal, and cleaner coal when we do use it.</p>
<p>Is that right?</p>
<p>Y, una otra pregunta:
Describe what an ENSO is, as compared to a La Ni</p>
<p>Two questions… for the labs, exactly what do we need to know? I just finished PR aside from labs…do I really need to know all of them?</p>
<p>and also…what are scrubbers? I was reading quite a bit about how much they help stopping pollution, but i don’t know what they actually are.</p>
<p>What labs does PR have? I have taken a couple practice tests and none required labs I think they might just be helpful for the FRQs. </p>
<p>As for scrubbers, this explains them well [4-58</a> Scrubbers](<a href=“http://www.frtr.gov/matrix2/section4/4-60.html]4-58”>http://www.frtr.gov/matrix2/section4/4-60.html)</p>
<p>ho would you do this problem?</p>
<p>A country currently has a population of 100 million and an annual growth rate of 3.5%. If the growth rate remains constant, what will be the population of this country in 40 years?</p>
<p>^I think you would use the exponential growth formula y= a (1 + r)^x
a = initial amount (100 million)
r = growth rate (3.5% or .035)
x = number of years (40)</p>
<p>100(1 + .035)^40 = ~400 million</p>
<p>I wouldn’t expect any problems like that, since you kind of need a calculator. On second thought, you could estimate roughly…</p>
<p>What’s upwelling?
How does global warming affect the spread of diseases?
What are CFCs?</p>
<ol>
<li><p>Upwelling of cold ocean water from deep below the surface, usually caused by ocean currents and La Nina. Upwelling brings nutrients to the surface, proving beneficial to many organisms and fishes. </p></li>
<li><p>Global warming would allow the spread of disease-carrying organisms such as mosquitos into areas that they could not previously live. </p></li>
<li><p>CFC’s stand for Chlorofluorocarbons. They were banned in the United States and other countrys a couple decades or so ago in the Montreal Protocal, partly because of Rachel Carson’s “Silent Spring” which exposed their dangers. They are still used in manufacturing in other countries, and can be found in refrigerators and other appliances. </p></li>
</ol>
<p>What’s biomagnification?
How many of you think you are going to earn a 5 on this test this year?
What are some drawbacks from using GMC’s?</p>
<p>Biomagnification is the buildup of certain substances, such as DDT, in the bodies of organisms at higher trophic levels of food webs. Organisms at lower trophic levels accumulate small amounts. Organisms at the next higher level eat many of these lower-level organisms and hence accumulate larger amounts. At the highest trophic levels the increased concentrations in tissues may become toxic.</p>
<p>How many of you think you are going to earn a 5 on this test this year?
I had an unusual teacher, who never directly lectured or taught us. We just had videos, packets, worksheets, and busy work throughout the whole class. That said, I have had AP Biology and there’s a lot of overlap between it and APES. Also, a good portion of APES is common sense, so I think I can pull out a 5, but I will definitely need to review and brush up on certain terms and concepts.</p>
<p>**What are some drawbacks from using GMC’s? **
[ul]
[<em>]Less genetic variability. If a virus or plant infects a GMC that’s widely used, it could have disastrous consequences
[</em>]Unknown effect on humans. The full effect of GMCs haven’t been extensively documented
[<em>]Increased use of pesticides and potential for pesticide resistance
[</em>]Many people have issues with eating “genetically modified” crops and would rather opt for “more naturally grown” plants/crops
[/ul]</p>
<p>Next Question: Describe different types of coal and methods used to extract coal.</p>
<p>APES has the distinction of being one of the easier APs. I would lump it in the same strain as Calc AB, Human Geo, Statistics and World History. My current schedule for self-studying is to read the prep book the day before.</p>
<p>I took the test last year (freshman year), studied about 2 weeks before the test with princeton review and got a 3. The teacher barely taught us much…</p>
<p>The multiple choice was pretty hard for me, but if you need a 3 atleast, then reading through PR once is good enough…If you want a 4 or 5, take a lot of practice tests and study Vocabulary etc…</p>
<p>The FRQs were easy for me because they are generalized; i would say one of the FRQs revolved around global warming.</p>
<p>TheLogic- A few questions about the exam. First of all, are the real multiple choice questions much like the PR practice tests? Second, have you ever looked at the 2003 released exam, and are the real multiple choice questions still about that level of difficulty? Lastly, what do you think you should have known more about to get a higher score?</p>
<p>what are the laws of thermodynamics?</p>
<p>conservation on energy, energy cannot be created or destroyed, energy is lost in transactions-- i dont know the numbers though or even if those are right</p>
<p>Yeah I think thats right.</p>
<p>First Law of Thermodynamics: energy can neither be created or destroyed; it can only be transferred or transformed.</p>
<p>Second Law of Thermodynamics: Entropy (disorder) of the universe is increasing. In most energy transformations, a significant amount of energy us lost as heat. For example, in a food chain only 10% of the energy is transferred between trophic levels, and 90% is lost as heat.</p>
<p>Can anyone explain the difference between Biomagnification and Bioaccumulation?</p>