ACT Appositive Help

Test Preparation ACT Preparation
1

Can someone explain why appositives are needed, or not needed, and what is the difference for why or why not.
1.
In 1933, attorney and civic leader Luther Ely Smith envisioned a memorial that would recognize St. Louis’s major role in the westward expansion of the United States.

A) No Change
B) attorney, and civic leader
C) attorney and civic leader,
D) attornet, and civic leader,
The correct answer is A) no change. Why wouldn’t C be correct since there would be an APPOSTIVE if “Luther Ely Smith, attorney and civic leader,…”
2.

Coca-Cola began in 1886 when the spirt of an Atlanta pharmacist, Dr. John S. Pemberton, led him to create a drink.

Why is this correct. Doesn’t Dr. Pemberton identify who the Alanta Pharamicst is so why are commas needed.
3.
That was until I met, my calculus teacher, Ms. Sweed.

My boss, John Jacobs, was early that morning,

Why is an APPOSTIVE needed for 4 but not 3.
ANY HELP IS APPRECIATED. ESPECIALLY, IF YOU CAN EXPLAIN RHE DIFFERCENS AND WHY EACH CASE NEEDS OR DOES NOT NEED APPOSITIVES.

2
  1. Why would you need a comma after civic leader? Either have no comma at all or have two commas(one right after the title and the other one right after the name.) You use two commas if the title is specific to one person. For example:

The king of Belgium during WW1, Albert 1, hated the germany.

There is only one king of belgium during this period so the name is in between two commas. Example of when not to use a comma:

Jane Goodal and her colleague Tim Tebow worked together to talk to monkeys.

In this case, Tim Tebow is not between commas because Jane Goodal has many colleagues. No commas means the title doesn’t belong to one single person.