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<li>Be a good boss for yourself. Let me describe someone I know. She works 80 hours a week, by which I mean that she always has a book open nearby or some papers or Mathematica running on her computer. She is often visibly stressed, feels like she should be working more and better, and complains about the lack of time off. Indeed, she rarely has any time off. She is always thinking about how much work she has to do and/or trying to get it done. Even over vacations.</li>
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<p>The particular person I'm thinking of is at one of HYP, but there is a lot of this at Caltech, too. I have a strong feeling that one reason for the phenomenon is bad management.</p>
<p>Imagine you come to work in the morning and your boss tells you to really give all you've got to finish an important project. You do it very efficiently and finish earlier than expected. Then, at 3 P.M. he says, "Since you worked so hard and efficiently, here is another project. Keep working late into the evening."</p>
<p>There is a reason that not many people could stand a manager like this (and not many firms would keep one). The lack of prompt, small rewards for good performance rapidly demotivates any worker. Once you realize that no matter how hard you work you'll never get any real rest, you are less motivated to finish early and efficiently.</p>
<p>Yet many people manage themselves exactly like the evil manager manages his employee. It just feels less insidious when you do it to yourself. Maybe it occasionally seems to be a mystery why some Techers find it hard to get themselves to sit down and work on time. But it's no more a mystery than the reason the employee above stops working hard.</p>
<p>Economists have recently invented a bipartite model of the individual – each person has a little worker and a little planner inside of him, who behave pretty much like a normal worker (think manual labor) and manager. The worker is a creature motivated by the short term, likes rest and rewards. The manager is motivated by long term success and wants something to get done.</p>
<p>The advice: be a good manager. Your job as a manager is to split up big projects (like problem sets) into clear, achievable, small-scale goals (i.e. on timescales of a few hours) for your employee. Your job is also to keep your employee (you) happy. In particular, when the employee is doing a good job executing your plan, you need to reward him regularly with the things he likes. And you need to make sure he gets enough rest to come to work motivated tomorrow morning. </p>
<p>So allow the employee (yourself) to stop working and go rest when a goal is achieved. Do not keep pushing for just a little more time, especially when work is going well. The employee will become resentful and lazy. Once worker and manager are on good terms, the worker will get a reasonable amount of work to do, working reasonable hours. When done with the assigned work, the worker will be allowed to relax.</p>
<p>This analogy might seem hokey to you, but try it. If you really keep asking "am I treating myself like a good, smart, output-maximizing boss would", you will be able to avoid much procrastination and internal conflict.</p>