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<li> I don't believe the essay strategies in my guide are dubious--and, evidently, neither do CB's graders :) As you note, and as I said above, my approach is to examine the essays that the CB has published, and figure out which attributes make for a perfect score. I also played around with the online essay grader that CB.com offers with its subscription service. I found, not really to my surprise, that the published scoring rubric doesn't really match up with the results of the graded samples. (This is discussed in more detail in the guide, as you know.) Also, my goal in advising students on the essay is to come up with a mechanical, uncreative way to generate a perfect-score essay quickly (since you don't have much time to think before writing). So after I analyzed the perfect-score essays, I worked their attributes into a step-by-step process. I then tested the process out on the online grader (which was the only evaluation tool available). It worked. I tested it again on March 12th, and it worked again. So either my way actually works, or all of the following are true: (1) the CB published bogus sample perfect essays, and (2) the online essay-scorer is completely flawed, and (3) my essay graders for the March 12th test were also in on the joke, and decided to play along by giving me a 12. I think it's far more likely that my approach works than it is that all of those sources of feedback are flawed.</li>
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<p>Further proof of the drawbacks associated with the historical/literary approach comes if you look at the posts from CCers who can't understand why their scores are so low. You'll notice they used mostly historical and literary examples. In some cases, those examples were poorly used and didn't really exemplify the things they were supposed to--which is exactly one of the outcomes I avoid by using my type of examples.</p>
<p>Finally, if the SAT were going to require you to use only historical and literary examples, they'd be biasing the test in favor of people who know their history and literature. This is something we both know they would never do, especially with people like FairTest breathing down their necks about testing discrimination--if CB penalized non-literary and non-historical examples, FairTest would argue (legitimately) that the test penalized URMs. </p>
<p>Granted, if you and I came up with a writing test, it would be a lot different than the one the CB came up with. I think ours would be a lot more intelligent, and would recognize and reward certain higher-level behavior that the CB test mistakenly penalizes. But the problem is that you and I didn't invent the CB essay--the CB did. They did a bad job, but we still have to work with it. The fact that my type of example would be horrible in a real-world essay doesn't mean it won't work perfectly on the SAT.</p>
<p>Don't get me wrong--I'm not saying that historical and literary examples don't work. Of course they can work. The CG has published examples where they worked beautifully. But they're not the <em>only</em> thing that can work, and in my opinion they're not the most efficient things that work.</p>
<p>At any rate, again, it's impossible to state definitively that my type of example doesn't work. The evidence goes the other way--my examples work, and they work well.</p>
<p>(Also, I don't believe I ever advocated a 2-paragraph essay structure, if that was what you were implying. I've re-read that part of the Guide and don't see that anywhere; in addition, the recommended step-by-step process for that section generates a 5-paragraph essay. If anybody <em>did</em> think I was proposing a two-paragraph essay, please email me and let me know what gave that impression so I can change it.)</p>
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<li> When you talk about my RC approach, you make the same type of backhanded compliment about being "useful for beginners" that you made when you called my students "average" before. While the approach is useful for beginners, it's also useful for advanced students. I used it--and only it--to score an 800 on the March 12th SAT. Previous students used it--and only it--to go from 740V to 800V, and to go from 420V to 680V. It works because it works, whether you're a beginner or not.</li>
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<p>Also, I agree that the section is "objective," like you said, but I can't help wondering if we both agree on what that word means . . . :)</p>
<p>I recognize, also, that the question and answer types can be divided in different ways. I picked the way I picked because it works for my approach; I have no doubt that your classification scheme works for your approach. I think this is a point, like many of the points in this discussion, where reasonable minds may differ.</p>
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<li> As to SC, I have no problem with pre-forming the answers; that was the technique that Kaplan made me teach, and it certainly has a following, though it's not what I advocate. But it also has dangers of its own, particularly when a student is looking to guess. I prefer my approach and I'll stand by it.</li>
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<p>When it comes to vocabulary, I must politely point out that I'm not against memorizing vocabulary out of "pure laziness or just over-confidence." (I mean, really . . . ) I'm against it for a variety of very sound reasons, some of which I'll outline below. But first--it isn't "lazy" to try to teach students to think and analyze on their own. It's much, much harder than handing them a dictionary and a list and telling them to get to work. That's self-evident. If anything, it's intellectually lazy to take the CB at its word and try memorizing thousands of words instead of deconstructing the test and looking for a better way to take it. Now, here's why I'm against memorizing vocabulary:</p>
<p>a. There's absolutely no evidence showing that vocabulary acquisition campaigns in an adult's native language are likely to have any positive, real-world effect. None. (I studied this extensively in college; I'm not just making this up.) The conscious acquisition of vocabulary items works for (1) young children learning any language, and (2) adult learners of foreign languages trying to acquire basic words in the target language. Now, memorizing words and matching them to their definitions is a perfect way to prepare for a vocabulary test in which you will be given words and asked to match them to their definitions. But that isn't what happens on the SAT. The SAT will ask you to use words in context, and many students have difficulty doing this when the definitions they memorized do not immediately lend themselves to the context sentence. There are tons of posts on CC that verify this (or at least there used to be--I haven't looked in a while): Somebody will post a question she can't answer, and then people will debate the answer, usually supporting their conclusions with memorized definitions from Barron's or something; ultimately, it turns out that several people who relied on their memorized definitions are wrong because they don't know how to fit the memorized information into a real-world usage.</p>
<p>b. Along the same lines, many students memorize words incorrectly, resulting in the sort of awkward usage that makes it more difficult for them to write high-scoring essays and identify idiomatic sentence errors. When you don't try to memorize the words in the first place, you can largely avoid this.</p>
<p>c. Most of the words that most students memorize never appear on the test. Xiggi has proven this repeatedly, and much more thoroughly than I can. This means most of the time spent memorizing words is basically wasted as far as the SAT is concerned.</p>
<p>d. No matter how many words you memorize, there will be times on the SAT when you encounter words you don't know. When that happens, you're going to need some strategies for answering questions without knowing what the words mean. And if you're going to need those strategies anyway, why not just rely on them exclusively? That way you can hone your abilities through practice, and when you come to an SC question with an unknown word you're still in familiar territory. Contrast that with the situation a memorizer is in when she comes upon words she's never seen--she panics and loses time instead of sticking to the game plan and answering the question.</p>
<p>Now, again, I'm fully aware that most tutors support memorization. That's their right. I also believe you when you say that your approach raises scores significantly and involves memorization. It is totally possible to memorize words and do better on the SAT; people say they do it all the time. But I respectfully insist that's not the only way to do it. Most of my students prefer my way, and use it to improve their scores. You simply can't say my way doesn't work--it does.</p>
<p>Also, when it comes to RR, I don't know which strategies you're referring to, so I can't tell you whether I think they're valid or not. But the same thing applies that I mentioned above--if people are using them and they work, then they work. That's all we can say. I will say that I don't think my approach lacks anything--it shows you how to handle each question on a real SAT--but if RR has stuff that I don't, then I guess that's one more path up the mountain.</p>
<p>[see next post]</p>