<p>it still doesn’t work for me. oh well :/</p>
<p>I believe that earlier in this thread, it was asserted that Signal Transduction Pathways are not part of the AP curriculum.</p>
<p>^ Earlier in the thread we also discussed how the kingdoms of protista,fungi and plantae are not really on the test… right?
Because i was going through the cliffs book (3rd ed published in 07) and it has stuff on protista, fungi, and plantae. However in the 08 version of Barrons they don’t go in depth at all into protista fungi and plantae.</p>
<p>So i just wanted to confirm that those three kingdoms are not covered on the test.</p>
<p>Ah, I believe that’s a negative on both the post before me and the one before that.
I think that there was a part II question on signal transduction, poster 2 posts ahead of me.
And poster right before me, you do need to know those kingdoms. The ap has questions including them.</p>
<p>Does anyone know where I can get a complete list of chemicals and/or neurotransmitters that we need to know for the ap?</p>
<p>i’m pretty sure they are on the test, just not in much detail.</p>
<p>What are the similarities and differences between epinephrine and norepinephrine</p>
<p>Plants are a BIG part of the test. Fungi and protists are pretty unimportant though.</p>
<p>whoops. yeah i shouldn’t have included the plants. I knew that they were on the test and i know them well. </p>
<p>And also to add to my point, i have yet to see a fungi/protista question on the 02 test, 08 audit, barrons tests and cliffs tests that i have taken. So now that i think about it i dont think that there will be any questions on fungi or protista. And if there are… Im screwed.</p>
<p>WTH…they got rid of darkflames post on chi square…I NEED THAT…lol</p>
<p>acetylcholine is probably the most important neurotransmitter</p>
<p>chi square is basically a way of determining the error in an experiment dealing with inheritance especially. Just remember the Punnett squares and find their ratios and compare how they differ from what data they give you in the question.</p>
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<p>An autosomal gene is a gene that occurs on any chromosome except the sex chromosomes, meaning the gene isn’t sex-linked.</p>
<p>Autosomal recessive is basically the normal recessive where a baby needs two recessive genes (aa) to get the condition, like sickle cell anemia. Autosomal dominant means the baby needs just one dominant gene (AA or Aa) to get the condition, like Huntington’s Disease. A sex linked or x-linked, disease commonly mean that the “sick” gene is on the X chromosome. Because boys only have one X chromosome which comes from mom, if mom has the condition, even if it is otherwise recessive, they will also get the condition. Girls have two X chromosomes, so both mom and dad need to donate a “sick” gene for the girl to be sick if the condition is recessive, which most X-linked conditions are. </p>
<p>I’m not sure if this is still a study board, but just in case:
Question: order covalent, disulfide, hydrogen, ionic, and van der Waals in terms from strongest to weakest. Which is found between nitrogenous bases in a DNA molecule?</p>
<p>Hydrogen bonds are found inbetween nitrogenous bases. This is a semi-shot in the dark for the order: ionic, covalent, disulfide, hydrogen, van der Waals</p>
<p>It should also be noted that a disulfide bond IS a covalent bond and covalent bond strength compared to ionic bond strength is debatable and can depend on the compound.</p>
<p>I would think it would be covalent (which includes disulfide), ionic, hyrdogen, van der waals. Hydrogen and van der waals are definitely the weakest.</p>
<p>EDIT: I looked it up, covalent bonds are GENERALLY (not always) stronger than ionic bonds. It really depends on the situation. Like an ionic bond in water will be easier to break than a covalent bond in water. Also, if you are considering a crystallized form of an ionic bond, those are quite difficult to break (covalent also forms crystals, though, such as diamond and graphite).</p>
<p>Yes those are definite weakest. I think you are right actually that covalent tend to be stronger.</p>
<p>hydrogen are weak, but with water there is strength in numbers</p>
<p>For the extent of AP bio, I think they, if anything, will ask us to compare the strength of van der Waals, hydrogen bonding, and disulfide bonds.</p>
<p>my teach says for the essay, discuss ATP and it’s specific functions with different examples could be one</p>
<p>Next Q: Compare the strength of van der Waals, hydrogen bonding, and disulfide bonds.</p>
<p>lawl</p>