Hey. So, I think that there are three main things top 20 colleges look for in your application: whether or not you have the ability to do the work, what you will contribute to campus and whether or not you are a good fit. You can show your ability to do the work through good grades and test scores. For grades, I suggest doing your best to get mostly A’s (a few B’s is not the end of the world) and to be in the top 10% of your class. Don’t worry about how “good” your school or state is; it won’t impact your admission. For test scores, I suggest trying to get a score in the 98th or 99th percentile. If you aren’t hooked (meaning something along the line of an underrepresented, recruited athlete, or a legacy), then a 99th percentile score (1460ish+ or 33+) is ideal. However, it is possible to get in with a lower score. In fact, I know someone who got into Wash U with a 22 ACT (but something like that is incredibly rare). For subject tests, over 700 is usually sufficient.
In terms of “what you will contribute to campus” this refers to the quality of your extracurriculars/essays. You want to have a couple of main focuses. These show colleges what kind of person you will be on campus. It’s important to remember that colleges might not be looking for someone with your focuses; they might not be looking for a writer, member of the robotics team, photographer, etc.
The final factor is fit. Some ways to show that you are a good fit are writing really good essays that show you know the school and demonstrating interest. Demonstrated interest can include applying ED, visiting campus, contacting admissions officers, interviewing and applying for scholarships. Top schools that don’t look for demonstrated interest are Harvard, Yale, Cornell, Brown, Vanderbilt, Caltech, Dartmouth, Amherst, and Williams. Top colleges that care a lot are Wash U, Tufts, Rice, Emory, Notre Dame, and U Chicago.
Overall, getting admitted to these schools is such a crapshoot that it’s important not to get hung up on rankings. The ranking or prestige of a school will not make or break you. If you are driven enough, you can be successful and happy anywhere. The name on your diploma does not define your life. I think the poster above sums it up well. Make sure to enjoy high school.
Also, the top 20 schools are all very different. Don’t apply to all. A person who likes Dartmouth, likely won’t like Columbia. Someone who likes Vandy won’t like Caltech. Some questions to consider are: Do you like large schools (Berkeley, UCLA, U Mich, USC, UVA, NYU, Cornell) or small schools (Williams, Dartmouth, Amherst, Pomona, Bowdoin, Rice, Caltech) or something in the middle? Do you like a present Greek presence and party scene (Vandy, Penn, Dartmouth, USC)? Would you like to go to school in a city (Columbia, Penn, Harvard, MIT, U Chicago, Rice, Vanderbilt, NYU, UCLA, Cal, USC, Wash U, Georgetown, Emory) or something more rural (Bowdoin, Williams, Amherst, Dartmouth, Notre Dame)? Are sports important to you (Duke, UNC, U Mich, Northwestern, USC, UVA)? Do you want a strict core curriculum (Columbia, U Chicago) or more flexibility (Brown, Wash U)? Do these schools have the programs and extracurriculars you want? Basically, sophomore/junior year is the time to start visiting colleges to get an idea of what you would like in a school.
Make sure you have safeties and targets that you really like (also make sure they’re truly safeties. A rule of thumb (even for a competitive top 20 applicant) is that a safety is a school with a 50%+ acceptance rate). A few cautionary tales from posters who banked on getting into a reach:
http://talk.qa.collegeconfidential.com/college-admissions/1312785-anybody-else-get-rejected-from-every-school-they-applied-to-besides-safeties.html
http://talk.qa.collegeconfidential.com/college-admissions/1877282-rejected-by-all-8-ivy-leagues-with-straight-as-and-2270-sat.html
http://talk.qa.collegeconfidential.com/college-search-selection/1313532-rejected-to-every-school-now-what.html
http://talk.qa.collegeconfidential.com/college-admissions/1876770-what-did-i-do-wrong-p1.html
Please note that these posters had either safeties they didn’t like, safeties that weren’t really safeties (UNC and UVA are NOT safeties for anyone), or had no targets. Be careful not to make these mistakes.
Just realized this is very long (oops) so I’m going to wrap it up. I was recently admitted to a school that I think counts as top 20 so let me know if you have any other questions and I would be happy to answer them.