<p>The UC system started in Berkeley and San Francisco (1873), then expanded southward to Davis, (1905), Riverside, (1907), Los Angeles (1919), Santa Barbara (1944), San Diego (1959), Irvine and Santa Cruz (1965), and now Merced (2005). Well, the UCs are not "really one school"; what sets the UC system apart is that, unlike the University of Texas/Michigan systems which are pinnacled by a single flagship institution, the UCs are almost as independent as private institutions, competing amongst themselves as well as private schools for top high school graduates, faculty and funding from the state government. The primary mission of the UC is to provide workforce education for California residents; then comes public research and community outreach. The westward economic migration due to the post-war Baby Boom followed by the Cold War military-industrial complex has poured federal and private investment into both California's economy and the UC which supports it. This has allowed for a staggering number of UC-owned patents, research publications, Nobel Prizes and textbooks courtesy of The University of California Press. If the University of California really were "one school", as you suggested, it would be the largest, most productive and most well-rounded school in the world.</p>
<p>Enrollment at the UCs is generally reserved for the top 12.5% of California's high school graduates. The top 4% are also granted Eligibility in the Local Context, which guarantees admission to a UC (though UC Berkeley and UCLA are exempt from the deal). Applying to the UC system is done through PATHWAYS, an online "common application" that is sent to however many UCs you check off. These applications are to be submitted in October, while decisions arrive in March, which is earlier than most other American universities' deadlines. The stats valued the most here are, in order: the three SAT II subject scores, followed by the UC GPA (a weighted GPA based on your 10th and 11th year grades in "A-G" courses), SAT I / ACT scores, rigor of course selection, class ranking and ECs. Since the inception of Proposition 209 took effect in 1996, the UCs no longer practice affirmative action based on ethnicity. Instead, they opted to practice Comprehensive Review, which tallies up socioeconomic difficulties, high school location/quality and personal issues into the applicant's point-based score. Letters of recommendation are not accepted. Selectivity is tiered into UCLA and UC Berkeley as being the most selective (24%), followed by UCSD (36%), then UCD, UCSB, UCI (~50%), and finally UCSC, UCR and UCM (~70%). The UCs allow for third-year transfer admission from California State Universities and California Community Colleges with roughly equivalent selectivity. Admission from out-of-state is somewhat more difficult, due to state-imposed restrictions on the proportion of the student body that can be out-of-state. Nevertheless, UCLA and UC Berkeley still receieve a large number of out-of-state and international applicants. A 4.0 UC GPA and a 2100 SAT I/II score makes one competitive at the top-tier campuses.</p>
<p>The biggest plus of the UCs is the quality/price ratio of the education you can receive, due to the influence of faculty (think Nobel-prizewinning lecturers) and research opportunities available at both the undergraduate and graduate level. UC Berkeley and UCLA are both ranked in the US News National Top 25 and have many programs in the Top 15, while UCSD, UCD, UCSB and UCI are ranked in the National Top 50. UC Berkeley is known for its engineering, law and business schools, UCLA for its medical and film schools, UCSD for its biological and political sciences, UCD for agricultural science, UCSB for graduate physics, and UCI for English and criminology. UC Berkeley and UCLA also boast teams in the Pac-10. The biggest minus of the UCs is the impersonal nature of attending such large public schools of 20,000-30,000 undergrads; many lower-division lectures contain 300 or more students, faculty/student ratios are low and taking more than four years to graduate is commonplace due to difficulty enrolling into desired/necessary courses. Being at UCLA and UC Berkeley often makes one seem to be a number in an overcrowded diploma-mill; however, the rule of thumb at the UCs is that if you want something, there's no hand-holding; you have to get it yourself. This exposes one to the real world, for better or for worse. If you want to stand out in either academia or the job search process in California, the UCs offer an solid opportunity, but it's up to you to make the most of it.</p>