AmyIzzy, the word “conservatory” gets used in a limited way quite often. I like to refer to BM programs and BA programs. There are freestanding conservatories, which seem to define “conservatories” for many people, but there are also “conservatories” at colleges and universities (Oberlin Conservatory for example) and then “schools of music” at the larger universities, all of which are BM programs. Then, of course, there are BA music programs, some general academic, some with a performance component, and some with different strands (for instance, a composition strand). So it really bears looking closely at each school’s website and asking questions at visits.
A BM, no matter where it is offered- conservatories and schools of music have the same degree usually (UCLA actually offers only a BA so there are exceptions)- is 2/3-3/4 music classes, a BA is 1/4-1/3 music classes as a general rule. Some BA’s will have distribution requirements (Brown and Amherst don’t, as examples). A BM involves lessons, practice, rehearsals, performances that are part of the program. A BA often involves lessons but performance is usually extracurricular. BM’s require auditions (and often prescreens) for admission. BA’s most often don’t, but a music resume with recording, resume and letters of recommendation, can be submitted.
For a student who mostly wants immersion in music, but also has academic interests, sometimes the best choice is a BM in a conservatory or school of music on a campus with academics (and size, location, vibe) that fits. Sometimes, for others, the best choice is a double major BA, with music and something else. Some do a major/minor. And some do a double degree, at a university or college that has both a BA and BM (Oberlin, Lawrence, Ithaca, Michigan, Bard, Eastman?Rochester, JHU/Peabody, etc.) - or a conservatory that has a double degree program with a college or university (ex. Tufts, Harvard).
You may have read David Lane’s essay “The Double Degree Dilemma” closer to the top of this music forum. It really covers all the ways to study music by using hypothetical individual students, allowing kids to read the essay and figure out which one they most resemble.