I am starting this discussion, hoping others will contribute, to help give some insight.
The first thing that you need to understand about Honors College at Maryland is that it is different than most school’s honors college. The fundamental difference is that it is not straight up only for the kids with the highest stats, and being invited to scholars is NOT a slight/insult.
Yes, most of the students in honors have the highest stats, but definitely not all. There are absolutely a good number of students in scholars that have higher stats than (some) students that were invited to honors. So, what is the difference? They are two different programs for academically talented students who approach academic challenges differently. It really is about fit. There is no standard numeric thresholds for the stats.
This is my assessment of the differences: Students invited to honors college tend to like challenges in the classroom (basically they took as many AP’s as they could based on what their school has to offer in a variety of subjects). Students invited to scholars tend to challenge themselves outside the classroom more (read they took AP’s (but maybe not as many) and have very impressive EC’s, so clearly the scholars is a better fit).
That’s NOT to say honors don’t have impressive EC’s or that scholars don’t have a lot of AP’s, because they both do.
At first, when my son was invited to honors programs elsewhere but “only” invited to scholars at Maryland, I gotta admit I was surprised. In retrospect, Maryland did a great job of “reading” him, not only through stats, but overall (prob from essays, short answers, etc). He really liked the visits to unique places that scholars offered (he was in STS so he went to Army Research Lab as an example) and the electives he had to choose from to fulfill the program did overlap with his major (yes, they recommend for you to pick a program you are interested in outside your major to expand your horizons, but he is only interested in STEM things) so it was good.
So if you’ve read other threads, you’ve probably read about departmental honors being a bigger deal than honors college. Why are people saying that? It’s not that honors college is anything to sneeze at, but rather invitations are based on high school performance. In comparison, departmental honors acceptance is based on college performance. Obviously, college rigor is more challenging than high school rigor. In addition, at least with engineering, departmental honors includes a research component.
There was one post that asked if you can do scholars and departmental honors. The answer is yes. So, if you didn’t get invited to honors, check out scholars before rushing to appeal that/request honors.
Fwiw, for those wanting to know about honors classes because you’ve heard about the small class size so that’s why you really want honors, there are two types of honors classes. There are honors seminars and H-versions of classes. So, the honors seminars are unique topics that may be able to fulfill a gen ed requirement or they are program-specific (i.e. only students in ACES can take those classes). Those, from what I have heard, are the most interesting/worthwhile classes, but do require a lot of work. Then there are h-versions of classes, so for example, there is MATH141 and MATH141H. Yes, one is a lecture hall 2 days with one day of small discussion, and the honors version is small all the time. However, it is more challenging to do well in the honors version.
Hope that helps.