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<p>True, the more selective majors vary from school to school, as individual schools have different levels of major popularity relative to department capacity.</p>
<p>For example, University of Washington’s CS department is apparently quite undersized relative to demand for the CS major, so students not admitted to the major as frosh face an extremely competitive admissions process to declare the major (supposedly needs a 4.0 or near 4.0 college GPA). But Berkeley’s L&S CS major needs only a 3.0 GPA in prerequisite courses for undeclared students to declare (and recently only needed a 2.0, but demand has increased recently), and Stanford’s CS major does not appear to have any restrictions on declaring, despite enormous enrollment growth in the introductory CS course for CS majors.</p>
<p>Note that, in the San Jose State example, the CS major is more popular than the similar software engineering major, as reflected by the higher standards for frosh and transfer admission to the CS major.</p>
<p>Regarding biology, at Berkeley, two of the biology majors (molecular and cell biology and integrative biology) are among the largest majors on campus, but do not require any more than passing the prerequisites to declare, as they are not at departmental capacity. It is not just popularity of the major, but also departmental capacity that determines whether a major is hard to get into.</p>
<p>CS and engineering majors might, on average, be more impacted, because CS and engineering PhDs have good non-academic job prospects, so non-academic employers may try to lure them away. In addition, usually good job prospects at the bachelor’s degree level may reduce the graduate student (TA) -> PhD -> faculty pipeline in CS and engineering relative to majors like biology and foreign languages and literatures. But the average may not apply to an individual school.</p>
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<p>If that is the case at the given school, it may be difficult to switch into engineering after enrolling (e.g. you may need a very high college GPA in the lower division courses for engineering majors). There is no “free lunch” gained by applying to a less popular major and trying to switch later, since you would face another admissions process to change to the more popular major.</p>