<p>I'm not 100% sure, but here's what I believe:</p>
<p>"A number of scientists" is considered to be plural. Why? Because you don't know HOW MANY exactly are there. This is difficult to explain, but whenever you are unsure in English about numbers, you normally use plural. I know you're thinking "number" is a collective noun, but it's not. </p>
<p>For example:
[quote]
One or two boys were playing baseball.
[/quote]
</p>
<p>
[quote]
How many of you have been drinking?
[/quote]
</p>
<p>
[quote]
Less than two men are in the room.
[/quote]
</p>
<p>Notice that in the last, even though less than two probably means ONE, it can also mean zero. So again we use the plural as there is uncertainty.</p>
<p>Maybe someone can come up with a better explanation.</p>