Why are engineering exams usually short on time and ridiculously long with questions?
This is starting to happen more often as I advance in classes where I can’t finish the exam during the specified time; most of my classmates experience the same thing.
Do engineers in the real world need to solve problems this fast?
The exams became more like a struggle to remain calm and not freak out and forget everything or freeze, as well as writing and punching numbers in the calculator with the speed of sound. Now, “figuring” out the solution is not an option any more, the only way to pass is to “know” every step to get to the solution to every problem out there, there is no time to actually stop and think for even 10 seconds.
Is solving every single problem in the end of the chapter the only way to pass? What strategies can I use?
Thanks 
Most often it has to do with professors who forget that they have been doing these sorts of things for years and underestimate how much time it will take students to complete the problems. When I was making exams a few years back, I think I was once told to estimate how long it would take me to do it and then multiply it times 3 to get a feeling for how long the students would take. I think it turned out that the factor should have been closer to 5.
My son had a prof who told them why he did that AFTER the first test. It was to get them to learn how to best marshall their resources under pressure. He wanted them to scan an exam and sort out which problems they were most likely to finish to maximize their score knowing no one ever finishes the whole thing. He then curved based on the top three scores. I agree with @boneh3ad though that most are probably so removed, they do it out of ignorance.
Working as an engineer does not involve engineering exams. You do need to learn to work under deadlines, though.
They don’t even have to be all that removed to fall into the trap. I had trouble with it at times even while in graduate school and a mere few years removed from being an undergraduate.
It is worthwhile to remember that professors were generally the top students in every program they entered, and by the time they have that academic post they are light years away from average students tackling a subject for the first time.
^ Cosmicfish - nailed it perfectly with that post. But with that level of intelligence, the professors themselves generally do understand this fact - its just that some take measures to stop it from happening (“Ill make sure the top 10-15% of my class get actual 90+ on the absolute scale”) while others dont care (“Ill just curve it later” type professors)
I think it will require more practice. To be honest, my professors just give you a grade and that’s what you get. Zero curving.
Making exams is a skill of its own. I had one professor that really had it dialed in. If you truly understood the material and worked everything out by hand, all of the answers were whole numbers or whole numbers combined with some sort of irrational (i.e. 2pi, or 2sqrt(2) ). Typical exam would take 30 mins. Many students never finished. Best part of this was that you knew whether an answer was right or not - what are the odd of being wrong and still getting the whole numbers?