AP Photography and AP ceramics both fall under AP studio art disciplines, so those are real AP courses. As for the rest, some schools might use AP in the title for a course that has an AP prerequisite.
These post-AP classes definitely get noticed and are weighted like AP classes. The only “non-AP” AP course that my high school had was AP Russian, which there actually is an exam for, just not through college board because its still in development. The other post-APs (organic chem, DNA analysis, neurobio, multivar, linear algebra, quantum, etc) were just weighted like AP courses and did not include AP in their title.