<p>After the prince characterized modern architecture (as ugly), he (has been) (severely) criticized for having been (so outspoken) in public. (no error)</p>
<p>Many people will chose "no error"</p>
<p>But the error is "has been" because the trigger word "after" indicates that the tense should be simple past: we need to recall the usage of present perfect.</p>
<p>We use present perfect when something happened in an undefined moment in the past and has carried on. The trigger word "after" does not suggest that the criticism has carried on, unlike the trigger word "since". Also, the moment is defined: "after the prince characterized"... whereas if it were "since the prince characterized..." the moment on the criticism in unclear.</p>
<p>Take as another example:</p>
<p>I have gone (to) (only one) football game (after) I (graduated) from highschool. </p>
<p>Don't worry if you don't get it the first time, but the error is "after" because it should be "since" for the same reason as above. The "have gone to" suggests that his actions of going is ongoing; hence, trigger word "since" must be used instead.</p>
<p>Hope this helped :)</p>