<p>Florida:
Your school should do a better job of teaching basic stuff like this.. :)</p>
<p>In problem(2), you simply need to give the expression a common denominator, after which you can add all the numerators. To use a numerical example, consider</p>
<p>2 + (1/3)</p>
<p>Multiply the 2 by (3/3); you get</p>
<p>(2)(3/3) + (1/3)
or (6/3) + (1/3)</p>
<p>Since (6/3) and (1/3) have the same denominator, you can add the numerators to get
(6+1)/(3) or 7/3 which is another way of writing 2 + (1/3)</p>
<p>Now go back to problem(2); you have
1 + (sin x / cos x)^2
= 1 + ((sin x)^2) / ((cos x)^2</p>
<p>You need (cos x)^2 as a common denominator, so multiply the '1' by ((cos x)^2) / ((cos x)^2) , just like you multiplied by (3/3) in the numerical example; you then have
(1)((cos x)^2) / ((cos x)^2) + ((sin x)^2) / ((cos x)^2)
or ((cos x)^2) / ((cos x)^2) + ((sin x)^2) / ((cos x)^2)</p>
<p>(cos x)^2 is the common denominator here, so you can add the numerators to get
(((cos x)^2) + ((sin x)^2) ) / ((cos x)^2)</p>
<h2>= 1 / ((cos x)^2)</h2>
<h2>As for the formula for sin(a+b), do a Google search for 'trigonometric formulas', like I'd said earlier; you will see plenty of sites that have summaries of these. I don't think you want to sit and derive each of these here.</h2>
<p>ln(1) = 0, since e^0 = 1 .
In fact log(1) is always 0, whether the base of the log is 10, e or any other positive number. To get an intuitive feel for this, calculate values for
e^1
e^0.1
e^0.01 etc, and notice what happens to the calculated values as the power of e gets closer and closer to 0.</p>