Maybe someone can chime in with some useful resources. I can’t answer that specific question very well.
In general, though, I don’t think there is a great answer. It depends on so much.
Internationally, major companies may consult World Rankings, and, as noted above, some of the US schools (including many LACs) with the best reputations are ranked fairly low there. I graduated from a very highly regarded mid-size national university. I see some larger research universities, which would appear much lower on US rankings, much higher on international ones. Among your schools, I’m guessing Purdue would be much higher in world rankings because it is a major research university whereas Mount Holyoke and Earlham have much more of a focus on teaching and smaller classes. So a student in some fields, or with some learning styles, might do better and grow more in that environment. That’s a good question to ask yourself about yourself.
Domestically, it can vary a great deal depending on a student’s major (or even sub major), region of the country, and other factors. Purdue, for example, might be a Top 5 school for chemical engineering but more middle of the pack for business (that’s not based on anything, just a hypothetical). Texas A&M would be much better known than WPI for engineering in Texas, and there would be more robust networks of fellow alums there, but vice versa for the Boston area. A small LAC might have 2-3 anthropology professors with close ties to top grad school departments in that field, better than a larger school.
And I generally adopt a viewpoint that HOW you do in college and after you start working is much more important than WHERE you go. I think this might be more true in the US than other countries. Here are a few examples: I know three extremely wealthy (and generally successful) people in my community. Two grew up middle class and one lower middle class. One attended a quality, but not the most elite, state public flagship; one attended a second-tier public university; and one attended what most people would consider a third-tier public university in a state with a poor reputation in higher education. All are bright and work hard and take advantage of opportunities.
I know someone who owns a business in Boston. At first, they hired interns from a certain Ivy League school. They found them lazy and generally self-important and started hiring Northeastern University students. They found them bright, creative, and energetic. Now that person only hires Northeastern interns.
Major companies will recruit at Purdue. I know MH somewhat and am confident that it provides students terrific support in terms of internships and grad school and employment support. I know Earlham less, though we know of a couple of fairly recent grads through a family member. They enjoyed their experience there, but I can’t really comment on the career/grad school support it offers students.
I think this is a good answer, if probably a bit muddy from your perspective. Good luck with your decision.