Perhaps we can make a list of schools based on what need-based aid categories are replaced in order when a student getting need-based aid also gets a merit scholarship (and if it differs between school-based merit scholarships and outside merit scholarships).
The need-based aid categories in question are:
Student loan (federal direct loan up to $5,500)
Student work-study or other work earnings (“student work”)
Unmet need, if any
Need-based grants (“grants”)
Expected family contribution (“EFC”)
Start of school list:
Stanford (outside scholarships): student work, grants, EFC (loans not listed in need-based aid); http://financialaid.stanford.edu/aid/outside/
UC San Diego: unmet need (CA resident), Perkins/university loan, student work, student loan, grants, EFC; https://students.ucsd.edu/finances/financial-aid/types/scholarships/