I agree with what some posters have already stated, that a general understanding of numbers and how the operations affect them is seriously lacking.
I don’t think students should have calculators on a regular basis before around algebra 1 or the equivalent-- I can’t believe some elementary school kids are allowed to use calculators! I’m not saying that algebra 1 students should be given calculators, necessarily-- just that it’s probably unreasonable prior to then.
The technology can definitely help students learn, I think it’s a shame that it’s not used in beneficial ways more often (in my classes, that is). We did flipped lessons where students had to watch videos made by the teacher, and I think the idea is good in theory, but if students don’t watch the videos and do the notes, it’s not too effective.
I haven’t really looked at it thoroughly, but I bookmarked this website: http://tube.geogebra.org
I really like the idea of using animations to show the concepts, and the interactive element of some of them is even better. So that’s one example of technology that’s useful to teach math.
A time when calculators could be used for the students’ benefit: if the students make the calculators themselves! I use an app called iFormula to make calculators for repetitive calculations all the time. For example, I made one that gives the area of a regular polygon, given the side length and number of sides. I don’t want to forget how to do the problems, so I still work them out for homework and everything, but I’ll check my answer with my calculator. No coding knowledge is required, which is convenient for me since I don’t know any coding. To create a calculator like this, the student needs to be able to solve the problems abstractly and identify where each number comes from.
I also think that mathematical curiosity should be actively encouraged. That’s one of my favorites parts of math. I love noticing a pattern or getting a hunch about something then testing it.
I don’t think I can speak about if people have gotten better or worse at math, seeing as I haven’t been on this planet long enough to see other generations. So, this is all just my two cents on current math education.