Yes, you can get a masters degree in history or archaeology. However, if you start out intending to earn a masters degree, it is likely that you will need to pay for it yourself. If you are accepted into a PhD program and receive funding, then depending on where you study and your particular emphasis, you might be required to complete a masters program before continuing to the PhD. Some students will leave after the masters. In other doctoral programs, there isn’t a specific requirement that the students complete their masters. Often in those kinds of programs, students who decide after a while that they don’t want to continue working toward a PhD (or if their professors don’t think they have what it takes to finish a PhD) are awarded a masters as a kind of good-bye present.