<p>This is a very odd SAT question, because the original is not a good test of a faulty parallel construction. </p>
<p>The "correction" changes the meaning subtly by changing the tense from present ["he plans": suggesting a definite, formulated plan] to present progressive ["he is planning": suggesting an ongoing process of planning].</p>
<p>You can see that there's no real grammatical fault in the original by substituting other verbs in the same tenses:</p>
<p>Martin is reading a book and decides to propose to Mary.
is not the same as
Maritin is reading a book and is deciding [whether or not] to propose to Mary.</p>
<p>They are both correct. similar structure are required, but the first item in the list is allowed to have a verb or preposition in the beginning:</p>
<p>subject verb item1, item2, and item3
is correct
subject verb item1, verb in the same tense item2, and verb in the same tense item3
is also correct hope this helps</p>