I was not able to find survey data for some reason. Would appreciate any information.
With any school, this will vary year to year and major to major. A good number of Cal Tech undergraduates go directly to PhD programs, so this sort of data may not be very meaningful for Cal Tech. If you are a high school student, I would not focus on jobs right now, I would focus on what college has the programs you want to study and what the research opportunities on campus are like. Cal Tech will beat any school out there for on campus research opportunities, except maybe MIT. Every student at Cal Tech can get onto a research project. This is not true at the very top U of Cal schools, for instance, where As may be needed to compete for on campus research opportunities.
Thank you @Coloradomama My DD was fortunate to be accepted to both Caltech and MIT among few others excellent schools. I am trying to help her to sort her acceptances and as one of criteria looking into employment information for both schools.
I agree with all that @Coloradomama said except for research opportunities. The ratio of research opportunities to number of students is higher at Caltech than any other school.
*Including MIT.
To cover all bases, do research freshman and sophomore years, and then an internship junior year. This way your ready for employment after your 4 years or for grad school.
I am glad to learn more about the prevalence of research for Cal Tech students. I am not as familiar with Cal Tech as I am with MIT. MIT undergraduate size is about four times as large as undergrad at Cal Tech. MIT’s graduate student population is almost 5000 students, many in PhD programs. MIT offers an MBA in business as well as PhDs in business and economics, and subjects like architecture and urban planning that are not focused on at Cal Tech. Thus the cross over between management and engineering and entrepreneurship subjects are strong at MIT. UROP (undergraduate research ) at MIT is readily available for credit or pay depending on the professor’s budget. There is always a way to do research over summers or IAP (January period at MIT. ) There is a strong focus on going abroad for MIT students, in the summers, not sure that is the best use of an undergraduate student’s time, but it is a strong focus that leads undergraduate students to travel a lot, and maybe that is a slight negative for MIT. MIT students can certainly stay in the US and get summer jobs. Placement office is very strong at MIT and alumni network phenomenal.
@firstsax, just curious, what is your source for the info on the ratio of research opportunities to students?
@intparent @firstsax I think we can back up what firstsax says with a quick back-of-envelope calculation.
Using https://www.caltech.edu/content/caltech-glance and http://web.mit.edu/facts/faqs.html
I see (hopefully am grabbing comparable faculty numbers):
MIT 11,000 total students including 6800 grad students to 1036 faculty.
Caltech: 2200 total students including 1200 grad students to 300 faculty.
So there are almost as many grad students to faculty at MIT as there are total students to faculty at Caltech. The total research positions available for undergrads is presumable net the grad students, so I think Caltech is pretty hard to beat.
Though clearly both are great. And at MIT you can find additional research opportunities at nearby places like Harvard as well, though they would be less convenient.
That is a pretty rough calculation. MIT has a lot of students who aren’t STEM, so are less likely to do research, which would affect the calculation. It doesn’t take research funding into account, either. Using this approach, Harvey Mudd has 94 FT faculty and 800 students. With no grad students to take research slots, seems like by your way of measuring Mudd would come out ahead. Mostly I am saying that your method is lousy, though. I’d like @firstsax to state his source.
@intparent thanks for calling my method “lousy.” 
I warned you it was back-of-envelope, and I tried to be balanced.
The word on the street, and probably what @firstsax is referring to, is that students can literally walked into a myriad of labs at Caltech and get research experience. I don’t think it is that far from the truth.
If you look at research funding for engineering, I see $465 mil for MIT versus $110 mil for Caltech. On the other hand, there are circa 360 Caltech engineering undergrads and 1750 MIT undergrads, if I can trust US News. Again, rough calculation, and only for a subset of the students, and I am not going to hunt it down for every major or field, but it shows they are in the same ballpark of engineering research expenditure per engineering undergrad.
With regards to Mudd, I do think Mudd IS in fact going to be quite excellent for research opportunities - probably one of the best.
But if you want to put it more on the same footing, you can start with another assumption - I read somewhere a typical PI has 6 positions. That would yield a result that is needlessly unkind to MIT, so let’s bump that up to 10, and ignore postdocs.
Then we have:
3200 spots left for 4500 undergrads at MIT
1800 spots left for 1000 undergrads at Caltech
940 spots for 800 undergrads at Mudd.
So in terms of sheer accessibility, I think Caltech is hard to beat and I agree with firstsax . I hear you on humanities students, but they do research too, and Caltech has them as well, so I don’t think that changes the picture materially.
I did already point out MIT’s Harvard advantage. (Caltech has UCLA and USC, but the distance is daunting, especially given LA traffic.) And the total research spending is amazing at MIT, so there will be amazing things going on. And finally, one more thing I put in MIT’s favor - due to the sheer number of opportunities on an absolute (versus per-student) basis, the more focused student is more likely to find exactly what they are looking for.
So just because Caltech wins in number of opportunities per student (if you agree with what I am contending), it doesn’t mean it is the best choice for every student. As demonstrated by MIT’s winning cross-admit rate. Each place absolutely has its pluses and minuses, as surely anyone without an agenda would agree.
I doubt this student would have trouble getting research opportunities at any of their top choices. One thing to think about is that often the undergrads work more closely with the grad students than with the PIs when grad students are present.
But in any case, the OP was actually asking for employment info for CalTech before this tangent.