In addition, the UK system is as if half the sophomores took 5+ AP exams+ 3-4 general standardized tests at the end of the year, with the other half taking 5-
8 general standardized tests in specific subjects of which they must pass 5. Then (with the Gove reform) you add 3 subjects studied for 6-8 hours a week each.
So for strong students it’s not as specialized as it looks - the GCSE’s in traditional subjects cover a lot of ground, skills, and knowledge. Less traditional academic subjects include Religious Studies, Media Studies or Business Studies, are considered “easy” subjects but still cover quite a bit of content, and more practical ones such as Health&Social care, Hospitality, Food Preparation are only taken to prepare for vocational programs, BTechs, etc.
After GCSE’s students can join a college (think of the school in “Sex Education”), stay at their Comprehensive for 2 years, join vocational programs or the BTech diploma program.
The 3 subjects taken at A-level are taken from the GCSE’s and there’s a “mark” or score required to be selected for each. If you read the Harry Potter books, Book 5 explains how they need specific OWLs to get into their chosen NEWTs (GCSEs formerly called O’Levels, and A-levels.)
The French system just underwent a change, too. They never specialized as much as the British, but now they all take a core of 4 hours each of French Literature (11th) or Philosophy (12th), History, Geography/Geopolitics, and 2 hours each of Statistics&Science, English, a second foreign language, and phys ed
+
in 11th grade 3 advanced subjects for 4 hours, including more Literature&Philosophy, more HistoryGeography&Geopolitics or other subjects such as Ancient Cultures&Latin, Ancient Cultures&Greek, Calculus, Physics&Chemistry, Biology&Geoscience, Literatures and Cultures of the English speaking World, Visual Arts, Music, Theater, Arts&History of Art, CS (not all schools offer all subjects, all were supposed to offer 7, but some offer 10 and some offer 5 whereas in the past all “tracks” were offered.)
In the 12th grade they still have the core classes and their specialized courses, but instead of 3 they have only 2, 6hours each, for which they took the pre-reqs and which are quite advanced (similar to Scottish Advanced Highers): Calculus with Linear Algebra and Discrete Math or Calculus&Stats, Calculus-based Physics, or more of Ancient Cultures&Ancient Greek, etc.
So, definitely not as specialized as the UK system.
MANY French students who are experiencing the new system discover that 1° they chose the wrong specialized classes for their universities (universities had not published what they wanted until this year so students had to choose “blind”) or 2° they don’t like one of their specialized courses and would like to switch but aren’t allowed to, even in September.