<p>I don’t completely agree with Hilary that undergraduate institution does not matter, but to play devil’s advocate, MD/PhD and MD alone are two different things. Duke students are richer than the average student, so they would presumably apply to more medical schools, especially medical schools far away, whereas a less fortunate student might only apply to the ones he really wants to go to.</p>
<p>I think that the undergraduate institution matters, and that prestige probably factors in a bit, but probably not a lot. Also, I speculate that many medical schools are aware of the fact that the average or median GPA at different schools is different, and try to correct for this, especially in well known cases such as Harvard vs Princeton. A 3.5 at Harvard, while impressive on its own, means that the student is only slightly better than the average Harvard graduate, whereas a 3.5 at Princeton means more because of the lower average GPA at Princeton. Also note the fact that Harvard and Princeton are pretty much on par as far as SAT scores and things like that go.</p>