As the title says!
anaphora is a type of parallel structure
anaphora is more of a rhetoric device to emphasize a point. It only repeats the first part of the phrase or sentence
on the other hand, parallel structure refers to any part of the sentence
“she liked to run, to hike, and to swim” is parallelism
"“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair.” - first sentence of Tale of Two Cities
the second one is a good example of anaphora, because Dickens is using it to emphasize the time period.
You don’t need to know what anaphora is for the SAT-1 exam. AP Lit? sure. SAT-1? nope.
@chubbi thank you!
@marvin100 I know! But once I had a question (yes, official QAS) asking whether a phrase is an anaphora or parallel structure. I picked anaphora, because the phrase was repeated in the same exact structure at the beginning of the sentence. Anyway I got confused because anaphora IS parallel structure! I have to be ready for any surprises 
@BethanyD - which test was that? Very odd.
@BethanyD - is it possible that the question you’re describing was on an experimental section for the new test?