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<p>Colleges publish catalog policies about these issues to which they adhere. The options are constrained by what’s in the catalog. This student should read her institution’s catalog to see what her options are. </p>
<p>It’s unusual for a student to retake a class at the same institution (not a CC or another college over the summer) and not have the second grade replace the first or be averaged. That’s why I asked whether the student re-took the class at the original institution.</p>
<p>Many college catalogs stipulate that grades can only be changed up to a year (two semesters) after the original grade was given; after that, there is no recourse. Changes of grades must go through various levels of approval (prof, chair, dean) and sometimes go through an academic standards committee. The professors can’t just change the grades after the reporting deadline on their own; neither can one administrator.</p>