Note that, in practice, even flagships that strongly favor the “need-based aid to group B” choice often do have some merit scholarships for top-end (in-state and out-of-state) students. However, their definition of “top-end” students whom they give substantial merit scholarships to tends to have a very high threshold, since their merit scholarship budget is limited and they want to use it on only the most desirable (to the school) applicants to try to get them to attend.