<p>Calvin believed in the "elect" - true Christians were predestined. Luther believed that anyone who had faith and practiced good works could go to heaven. For the Eucharist, Luther believed in the doctrine of consubstantiation, that God is somehow mysteriously present in the bread and wine of the mass. Calvin believed that the Eucharist was just symbolic.</p>
<p>Who was the primary target of the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?</p>
<p>St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre was the French catholic violence against the French hugenots (protestants). The violence is said to have been started by Catherine De' Medichi.</p>
<p>Who were the four (mojor) enlightened despots?</p>
<p>Frederick II ("the Great")
Catherine II "the Great" of Russia
Joseph II <a href="best%20example%20of%20an%20enlightened%20despot">b</a>**
Maria Theresa (Joseph's mommy)</p>
<p>Compare 18th century family life to that of the 19th century.</p>
<p>Life in the 18th Century was rather tight knitt, Males where continued to be heirs, of their fathers, usually living in the same household not traveling farther than a few miles away from their homes. Men were usually sent to wars. Women stayed at home and rose the children.</p>
<p>In the 19th century as people became more educated, (Great awakenings in America), and the wriitings of Mary Wollstonecraft, in her book A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, which helped shed a new light on womens rights, and the ideas that they should be educated members of society. Along with all these social changes, life in the 19th century was by some accounts was less united in the industrialized nations, where children and men would work longs hours often at the cost of their family relations. But as usuall THe members of the upper class remained unaffected, or least affected. </p>
<p>Who were the tudors?
What were the revolutions of 1848? Did they succeed? Why and Where did some fail?</p>
<p>The Tudors were the dynasty of English monarchs who reinstated monarchical supremacy over parli (e.g. Mary, Elizabeth, Henry VIII)</p>
<p>Rev's of 1848=buildup in various countries due to age of repression of liberal demands. They failed in most countries (e.g. Frankfurt Assembly [Prussia], Austria, France), while they succeeded in either naples or sicily, i forget which. The failures were due to a lack of unity. While most of demanding groups had common enemy (conservative gov'ts), the middle class and working classmen differed in overall goals</p>
<p>Explain the concept of realpolitik</p>
<p>Realpolitik is a term to describe or prescribe politics based on strictly practical rather than idealistic notions, and practiced without any sentimental illusions. Bismark is a prime example of a realpolitik.</p>
<p>List the events leading up to WWI</p>
<p>A: Before von Bismarck was forced to resign, he made several alliances, fearing that a war would start, and Germany would be outnumbered/outpowered by France and Russia (?). So he made an alliance with Austria-Hungary and Italy (?). Other alliances made during this time included an alliance between Britain and France and Russia (?). These alliances would have a major effect on the war. When the archduke of Austria-Hungary was assasinated by a Serbian nationalist, Austra-Hungary declared war on Serbia, and then the alliances came into place, and everyone else declared war on each other. Italy managed to get of the agreements it had previously made and the Ottoman Empire took its place. It was the Ottoman's empire decision to join the losing Central Powers that really killed it.</p>
<hr>
<p>Q: How did World War One contribute to the death of the aristocratic tradition in politics, social structure, and culture?</p>
<p>who was the communist Lenin had intended be his successor but was instead taken by stalin</p>
<p>Trotsky</p>
<p>What is generally known as the father of the Chinese Republic?</p>
<p>Sun Yat-Sen.</p>
<p>Q: What were the events leading up to the Vietnam war?</p>
<p>I have a quick question - was Louis XIV's grandson Louis XV? I'm confused. Or was it Louis XVI that was the grandson of Louis XV. </p>
<p>Can someone also explain the War of the Spanish Succession, how it was fought over who would be king? I'n totally confused on this stuff, especially because there are so many Louis's and Charles' and blah.</p>
<p>
[Quote]
What were the events leading up to the Vietnam war?
[/Quote]
Defeat of the French at Dien Bien Phu. US puppet regime in South Vietnam. US refusal to support the Ho Chi Minh regime. US attempts to contain communism.</p>
<p>What was the major turning point in the Hundred Years War?</p>
<p>Not sure, but the Battle of Agincourt where the English longbowmen defeat the French? </p>
<p>next q: What was the Millenary Petition?</p>
<p>The turning point of the 100 years war was the entrance of the French (on the side of the protestant).</p>
<p>Littledebbie07: You are talking about the 30 years war (1618-1648) with Cardinal Richelieu. France went on the Protestant side because they hated the HRE and Spain. The question was talking about the 100 years war (1330s-1450s). Which was fought between the British and French (in France).</p>
<p>Are you sure a turning point wouldn't be Joan of Arc, the failed siege of Orleans (the French morale was lifted turning the tide of British victories), causing the French to break through at Patay, and the coronation of Charles VII at Reims. Then the Burgundians switched sides.....just a guess. I am prob. way off.</p>
<p>(I am not taking Euro. anyway. But it does help with my AP World)</p>
<p>Yeah, motormouth - I'm pretty sure that's right on.</p>
<p>Question: Who organized the Polish Solidarity movement, and what was it?</p>
<p>Lech Walesa organized Solidarity. It was workers from Gdansk wanting the right to form free trade unions, freedom of speech, release of political prisoners, the ability to strike, and economic reforms. </p>
<p>Who was Cavour's most significant non-Italian ally (for some time) during the process of centralizing Italy?</p>
<p>anyone have a website that has past AP european history exams on it?</p>
<p>Napolean III</p>
<p>Which member of the Sforza family allowed for the first French Invasion of Italy</p>
<p>was it Ludovicio.... or something like that?</p>
<p>is the AP test seriously going to go into details that obscure? I am so screwed for this thing.</p>
<p>What were the Revolutions of the Austrian Empire in 1848? How did it "end"?</p>