The physics text used in the course that was part of the pre-engineering program at a CC I had some exposure to is the same text often used at Cornell, Carnegie Mellon, and other “good” schools. The course was taught at an acceptable level of rigor, with problems out of the text, there is a very good lab accompanying the course.
From what I was able to surmise,  the main differences in the CC course vs, the same course at Cornell were: at the CC they tended not to give the very hardest problems, and they covered a couple fewer sections each semester.
But the biggest difference is, relatively few of the students in the CC class were up to handling the course material. A lot of the class was flunking and dropped early on. I don’t know if the Prof even curved at all, but if so it would probably have been to a “C”. Out of a class of about 30 there may have been eight students who could really hack it. IIRC only a couple got "A"s.
My personal feeling is someone who got an “A” in that course at the CC could probably have earned at least the mean grade  at the same course at Cornell. And quite possibly better.  . Furthermore, that person would be perfectly satisfactorily trained to undertake further studies in the engineering program at Cornell.
The entry level texts in the other science courses in the pre- [something] programs were also well-recognized texts used at major “good” universities.
In “general ed” type course like intro psych the student cohort was overall less strong than in the pre[whatever] programs. . The material of a typical college course was covered. But those courses are likely curved, so the weaker cohort probably comes into play, making the grading not in the least comparable vs Cornell et al.  Still, the material was. Exams were fact and content based, with no “thought teasers” that a Cornell prof. might throw in just to create a curve. But if you completed the course and did everything you’d have had a decent intro psych course. I believe.
If a transfer student comes to Cornell, and does well there, evidently they had what it takes. On the other hand if they get there and fall on their faces evidently they didn’t.
I’ve witnessed  examples of both. Whether transferring from a CC or from a 4 year college.
I don’t know of any statistics available to the public isolating the performance of CC students who transfer in, vs others.