Great question, but I think that the answer has more to do with one’s major than with any particular school.
Do business, engineering, pre-med, foreign language, environmental science, or theater majors impress you as being intellectually curious ?
What about history, philosophy or English literature majors ?
Even though universities such as the University of Pennsylvania, Northwestern, Cornell, Duke, Vanderbilt, CMU, MIT, Johns Hopkins, Rice, Emory, Harvard, and many others may impress many as pre-professional, all of these universities are overflowing with extremely hard-working, brilliant, relentless scholars & students.
Certain schools portray a culture of being intellectually curious: Columbia, University of Chicago, Princeton, Yale, Swarthmore, and almost every top 30 LAC, but it really comes down to the individual and to one’s major course of study. After all isn’t study in the liberal arts an intellectual pursuit ?
Certainly every large public university Honors College has a culture of being intellectually curious.
Thomas Aquinas College in California & Reed College in Oregon are seemingly only for the intellectually curious. The same could hold for Hillsdale College in Michigan, Earlham College in Indiana, and Beloit College in Wisconsin.
Since you are interested in Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence and the Psychology of Computer & Human Interaction, I suggest Carnegie Mellon University, MIT, Princeton, Northwestern, Univ. of California at Berkeley, the University of Washington, Cornell, Illinois, Stanford, Michigan, Harvey Mudd College, Columbia University, and Georgia Tech.