<p>
[quote]
I know that when I was in school, the college catalogue defined grades as :</p>
<p>A- Well above Average
B- Above Average
C-Passing/ Average
D-Minimum Passing
E-Failing.</p>
<p>It seems that when a school sets those deffinitions, they SHOULD not deviate without adjusting the very deffinition. In all fairness to the other institutions, I have no idea how they define their grades.
[/quote]
</p>
<p>Swarthmore defines its grading system as follows:</p>
<p>
[quote]
At the end of each semester, formal grades are given in each course either under the credit/no credit (CR/NC) system, or under the letter system, by which A means excellent work; B, good work; C, satisfactory work; D, passing but below the average required for graduation; and NC (no credit), uncompleted or unsatisfactory work.
[/quote]
</p>
<p>A simplistic comparison of GPAs (not even specified as median or mean) is not really adequate for comparison over time (grade inflation) or across schools. There are too many other contributing factors. </p>
<p>For example, Swarthmore's first semester freshman year is pass/fail (CR/NC). This surely has an impact on average GPA. It probably increases the reported medians, since college grades tend to trend upwards over the four years.</p>
<p>Until 1996, students in Swarthmore's Honors Program did not receive grades at all in their honors coursework. A final designation of Honors, High Honors, or Highest Honors was made by a panel of outside examiners based on oral and written examinations. This meant that a third of Swarthmore's top students were not counted in GPA calculations, making historical comparisons essentially meaningless. Today, the outside examiners still provide the same designations for honors coursework, however the three designations are translated to a numeric grade for transcript purposes.</p>
<p>And finally, Swarthmore requires a C (2.0) average to graduate (and generally B's or better in a department to be accepted as a major at the end of sophmore year). A "C" is required for a course to get credit towards the major.</p>
<p>
[quote]
Grade Average</p>
<p>A C (2.0) average is required in the courses counted for graduation. An average of C is interpreted for this purpose as being a numerical average of at least 2.0 (A+, A = 4.0, A- = 3.67, B+ = 3.33, B = 3.0, B- = 2.67, C+ = 2.33, C = 2.0, C- = 1.67, D+ = 1.33, D = 1.0, and D- = 0.67). Grades of CR/NC and grades on the record for courses not taken at Swarthmore College are not included in computing this average.
[/quote]
</p>
<p>Students below these points reach a decision point at the end of freshman or sophmore years as there would be little point in continuing with limited prospects for earning a degree. In effect, these policies mean that there are few juniors and seniors enrolled who have less than a 2.0 cumulative average. Eliminating students with nominally "passing" GPAs below 2.0 has an obvious impact on statistical means and medians.</p>