You need an H-1B visa for a job in the US, and those are awarded by lottery. In 2019, people who applied had about a 1/3 chance of being awarded a visa. A potential employer has to be willing to sponsor you for one of these.
If you don’t win one, there’s also a training-type visa you can get to extend your stay for a year or two after graduation. Most students who are granted this type of visa often are trying to stay in the country to get more chances at an H-1B visa.