@QuantMech, others have mostly addressed what I was talking about, but I’ll throw just a couple out there.
Get to know the school to which you’re applying. You’ll then know a bit more about what they might be looking for in essays and in a student in general.
- You can do this through mission statements/history:
http://exploredegrees.stanford.edu/stanfordsmission/
https://www.college.upenn.edu/college-mission
- You can do this through blogs/admissions info:
http://admission.stanford.edu/basics/selection/index.html
http://www.admissions.upenn.edu/apply/what-penn-looks-for
- You can talk with admitted students and get their perspective (and stats). This takes more time and digging unless you are privy to such information.
Stanford vs. Penn in my example above. Yep, top schools have quite a few cross admits, and perhaps they’re not so different from each other, but there are a few distinctions.
Stanford has key words: Academic Excellence, Intellectual Vitality and Personal Context. Of the students I either worked with or know personally who were admitted:
-all were, of course, academic standouts (as in ACT/SAT either perfect or very close to it)
-all had national/international level accomplishments including recruited athlete
-One was double legacy, which I know Stanford considers (and historically, they have 3X more chance of being admitted than non-legacy)
-Several had extreme intellectual vitality, and one looked like it on paper (Straight As, etc) at least
Penn has key words: holistic, scholars, scientists, athletes, entrepreneurs, artists, and more-who hail from all corners of the world and a wide range of backgrounds. More on holistic review from Penn: http://www.admissions.upenn.edu/apply/whatpennlooksfor/holistic
Of the students I know who were admitted to Penn:
-All were very strong students, but there was some variance in GPA/SAT (as in still in the top 1-5%)
-Diverse backgrounds, and a sense that Penn was willing to take a chance on student who want to develop their talents and abilities rather than on those who already have reached a pinnacle, so to speak
-All the students had an appreciation for Penn’s interdisciplinary/integrative focus
(And I didn’t use MIT as an example because, as you are, I, too, am very familiar with MIT students and admissions, having had a son graduate from there, and having met many students who have attended/attend; I think MIT is somewhat unique in their approach to admissions, even for a STEM school, and I think MIT does a really good job despite the litany of complaints every year about their admissions process)
That’s what I mean-subtle differences among top schools, and yes, some kids do get into all of them, but it’s pretty easy to see why that happens. (Every year, those stories make the news)
So, get to know what a school wants. It’s no admissions guarantee, but it could make a difference. I’ve seen it happen with the students I work with.