<p>JHS did a good job of pointing out the difference between NYC weather and Chicago weather.</p>
<p>You may hear the term "continental" climate, used both here and in Europe. It refers to areas like Chicago and Moscow that are far from any large water masses, so they have extremes of temperature that cities like NYC or Boston that are of comparable latitude don't. </p>
<p>The key to understanding Chicago weather is that there is nothing to moderate or stop arctic air masses from coming down. Lake Michigan is too small and to the east (so it has much more warming effect for Western Michigan!). Aside from the wind, which is a factor of course, the actual low temperatures that can be found in a Chicago winter are much lower than further east. During my D's undergrad years, when we lived in Boston, we usually found Chicago temps to be 5-10 degrees cooler than Boston, sometimes more. </p>
<p>Precipitation is another interesting issue. Contrary to popular belief, Chicago, like much of the midwest outside lake effect places (Cleveland, NW Indiana, western Mich etc) gets far less snow than back east. This is mostly because there are no large bodies of water to provide moisture - no "northeasters", and because the colder average air temperatures means the air holds less moisture.</p>
<p>Now, when it snows, it can seem like a lot because the snow is often accompanied by high winds and lots of drifting. But the absolute amounts are usually far less. OTOH, from a safety POV, the storms are far more dangerous because of the blowing snow, poor visibility and such. </p>
<p>The most important thing to remember, though, is that these kids are pretty resilient and resourceful. </p>
<p>I personally don't think it matters much what they have for winter gear because they will layer, borrow and improvise. And believe it or not, gloves (and a hat?) are more important than the right winter coat. You can stretch the temperature range of a light jacket by layering underneath with fleece, sweaters and such. </p>
<p>One other thing to consider is that Chicago does not seem to get as much really cold weather any more. When I was there myself for the first time (80-83), I remember well an entire week in early January where every day it was well below zero, including one -20 day. Don't think that's happened in quite a while.</p>