When to start studying for the SAT's and ACT?

@mathyone:

I think you and I have different notions of what test prep consists of. Test prep, in my book, is actively spending time to meet the material demands of the test, and that could consist of a dozen different things, not merely solving problem sets. In fact, aggressively solving problem sets could prove a problem, since the supply of high-quality SAT material is limited (i.e, the stuff the College Board puts out, with the new SAT you’re limited to only 4 samples in the most recent book), and if you opt to start early, you need to ration the available material.

As I said before, a current hypothesis in the education field is that testing is potentially a valuable learning aid not merely as a goal, but also as a means. For instance, a good tutor can identify specific weaknesses in testing capability, and quite often these are also weaknesses in one’s general knowledge.

Critical reading is difficult for a lot of students simply because they don’t have the vocabulary needed to compete, so they end up wasting time not quite understanding what a word means, or being confused by the section as a result. Having a varied and apt vocabulary is not only useful for the SAT, it’s also useful for real life; if you’re familiar with the weak and strong Sapir-Whorf hypotheses language constrains thinking, and by having more terms available the number of thoughts possible increase, which can lead to greater intelligence and creativity.

In the same way, the skills emphasized by the SAT math section can be extremely useful, in that they emphasize problem solving beyond the pure regurgitation of algorithms and formula that’s often seen in high school math classes these days, as well as developing the mental dexterity to be able to quickly work and manipulate figures without assistance.

Another part we disagree on is that in my experience, undirected study or osmotic learning is often limited. This book, which is fluent with latest educational research (http://www.amazon.com/Talent-Overrated-Separates-World-Class-Performers/dp/1591842948 ) discusses the method of directed learning / deliberate practice, and just say, reading an article in The Economist without analyzing it is not necessarily a good way to develop reading skills, whereas working on an SAT problem set, if taken with the correct approach or assistance, can help hone one’s ability to read critically. I mean, if the goal is to develop reading skills, directed, critical, and rigorous analysis of increasingly difficult material can count as test preparation as well, especially if it’s handled under the supervision of a high-quality tutor.

Read. Read a lot. Read anything and everything. Read for fun. Read the news.

Unlike the orher SAT sections, CR skills are built over a long period of time.

Just read.

True, but just reading a lot after a certain stage is not enough. In order to read a lot comfortably, you need to have the vocabulary so that you’re not flabbergasted by your reading material, and to become proficient in reading you can’t simply just read pulp novels like junk food, you need to read quality material that is more challenging, like, for instance, a New Yorker article, an article in the Economist, academic writing, or literature. And how you read is just as important as what you read; you want to be able to read analytically, to read not only for facts, but also to understand the writer’s writing techniques, decompose the structure of his or her arguments, and understand how a book functions in terms of the larger cultural or historical environment.

Reading aimlessly, without instruction or a desire to improve one’s literacy, is a recipe for disaster. At a certain stage, as previously stated, it’s a great idea. After that, though, you need to move on to other techniques to improve your reading ability.

Hi! I think you should focus on your school curriculum at this time and keep your fundamentals strong. Once that is taken care of, preparing for the SAT or ACT would not be more then 2-3 months. Good Luck!

@CBlueDreams, that is just not true. My avid readers (since childhood) had all scores over 750 on SAT I reading & SAT II Lit, and one had 800 CR, 800 WR, and 800 SAT II Lit with virtually no practice testing or studying. Both studied for math, which is much easier to prep for. Avid readers have the vocabulary and sense of what sounds right/wrong to get highs scores in those areas with virtually no studying. Memorizing vocab words is a waste of time, IMHO – just read.

Neither of my kids prepped (unless u consider familiarizing themselves w the free practice test on the CB website as prepping). They’ve both been voracious pleasure readers since preschool. Both consistently score in the 99th percentile on CR on the PSAT & SAT.

Like @intparent pointed out, long time avid readers develop an “ear” for what combinations of words “sound right”.

@intparent Agreed. Across all tests, both precollege and postgraduate, the section that people have the hardest time improving is reading comprehension. Definitely start fostering readings skills early.

I agree with a common sentiment that you should wait till your junior year before taking the SAT or ACT. No need for “studying” for the tests; just take a whole bunch of real practice tests and thoroughly analyze all your mistakes. Make a decision early on which test suits you better and focus on it.
Get a bit of help from a reputable tutor to clear the hurdles if you get stuck on a score plateau.

If you want to be done and over with the tests sooner than later and don’t mind doing that practice work in the summer, take the ACT in September or SAT in October; if higher scores are needed, take the test a couple more times.

Another IF: if you take an AP or just a rigorous enough class in your sophomore year, take the corresponding SAT Subject Test in May (you might want to register for June as well just in case).
Same strategy applies to taking the Subject Tests in your junior year.

You might want to try your hand (and mind) in math competitions - good results may be helpful in admissions, and math is fun anyway.

Good luck!

@CBlueDreams, reading quality materials is best but reading a lot is helpful as long as it’s proper English. My kids read a ton of fantasy books in middle school and didn’t branch out much until high school.

intparent: Ultimately, congratulations on having smart kids, but for kids like those often a minimum of effort is needed; we have stories of kids who take the SAT once, after a night of cramming, and all of a sudden squirt out 2400s when they’re 16. For kids of more average ability, more planning, dedication, and effort is needed to achieve results; as you can see, I’m of the school that believes that “talent is overrated” and that you can do almost anything, provided that you plan sufficiently and plan sufficiently well (in a sense, you’re borrowing someone else’s talent), allocate enough time and effort, and do so whole-heartedly and with dedication.

It’s like, say, the Polgar kids; the father was a psychologist, IIRC, who believed in the adaptive potential of a good education, and he raised three extremely talented daughters, one of which was the former Woman’s World Champion Judith Polgar. Perhaps it’s half his good and talented genes, perhaps it has to do with the quality of his parenting, but it shows that done well, much is possible.

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On two other subjects, first, if you’re going to start SAT / ACT prep early, you almost definitely need a good tutor, because conventional SAT / ACT prep is targeted at getting freshman, sophomores, and juniors an additional 100 points or so. A good tutor can do more, because he or she won’t simply be teaching to the test, the tutor will be developing your fundamental skills that underlie your tests. He or she will also be able to, like others have said, know when direct test prep, in the sense of drilling SAT / ACT questions, is inappropriate.

One thing I need to emphasize (once again) is that when I tell people to do SAT / ACT early, I’m not telling them to drill SAT / ACT questions. I’m telling them to target and prepare for the standardized tests ASAP so that you can either get them out of the way so you can focus on your education, or you have the greatest amount of time available to maximize your performance. And this kind of preparation is often focused on fundamental skills, like the reading prep we’re talking about or the ability to quickly and adroitly get your head around difficult math problems beyond the algorithms that are commonly taught in schools, so you’re not facing an if/or; you are simply diverting part of your education goals to make sure you can meet your SAT / ACT requirements; after you’ve finished with the SAT / ACT or obtained a score you are comfortable with, you can reuse the skills you used to break the SAT / ACT in other parts of your academic career.

The other thing I want to emphasize is that the best way to build vocabulary is often drill. These days, we often prefer a loosey-goosey approach where we pick up vocabulary words as we read, but we don’t have quality control over what we read; on the SAT, even with the new format, there will be a word list that, if you don’t understand them, you won’t be able to understand the reading passages or answer the questions adroitly.

An osmotic approach is like having a plate full of ravioli, and randomly stabbing your fork into the plate. You will, at the beginning, get delicious ravioli, whether meat, vegetarian, or vegan, with every stab, but sooner or later you’ll be hitting the plate itself, and more and more often as you clean the plate. The better approach with the ravioli is to start from (and I recall this is basic table manners) the food closest to yourself and then proceed sequentially towards the food furthest away from you (I may be wrong, I actually seem to remember the reverse, but this method implies that you are making sure the food remains available to other diners, even if offering it to them would be disgusting and rude, and so that you can tilt your dish away from you if you are eating soup to get at the remaining soup). This means that you will miss none of the ravioli, and following a similar and thoroughly methodical system with vocabulary, you will be able to learn words efficiently without creating lacuna in your vocabulary.

That said, I am not saying that drill is the best method. Drill needs to be combined with practice; according to the most recent studies of memory, practical memory and theoretical memory are two different things. But practice by itself has also has its limitation; I am an amateur in a certain sport that requires physical precision, what we say here is that “Practice Makes Permanent”; i.e, if you practice the wrong way, you will make bad form permanent, so you have to be careful with an approach of pure practice.

Instead, what I am recommending is that you drill first, you practice second (perhaps with real-world applications), you drill some more, then you practice some more, and then you drill to review. The most recent memory research says that spaced repetition (try Anki, Mnemosyne as spaced repetition flashcard programs) is the best method; stuff you learn only once tends to have a memory half-life, degrading rapidly with infrequent use, but as your memory fades, relearning it and repracticing it strengthens your memory and skill until it can last upwards of 10 years, or to the rest of your life. What you guys are thinking of is drilling to cram, and I absolutely agree, this doesn’t work, but drilling has its own important place in education.

Studying vocabulary does little to improve a student’s ability to read quickly, analyze passages, and know what sounds right. My kids aren’t brilliant, but a lifetime of long hours spent reading for pleasure made those parts of the test easy. You can’t possibly guess what words will be used in the passages, and drilling just doesn’t get you that far on the CR and WR sections. The OP has time (a couple of years) to do a lot of reading – it will help him when he gets to college, too.

@mathyone: someone actually messaged me asking for advice on developing CR skills, I don’t understand why. Maybe I reported here that I was actually one of those kids who continually played hooky, too much videogames, and was depressed for much of secondary school and all of a sudden, weirdly enough, a 800 on CR and over 720 on the math section showed up when I took the new SAT (writing was atrocious). It was far too late for me to care about school and college, though, so here I am, dreaming of whatever “Cblue” may mean as an older student, and it’s my story that makes the person who messaged me interested in me.

One problem with fantasy novels, though, is that part of good CR skills is being able to read what you dislike, and being able to read it well. For instance, during SAT prep, I read a completely disgusting passage about a middle-aged mediocrity of an academic, and I got multiple wrong answers because it was just so distasteful to me. If you’re Jewish, and you’re doing courses on the Holocaust, you may be required to read Mein Kampf, and being able to read it critically and effectively is necessary to doing well on the course and mastering the subject.

Fantasy novels are the same way, they can help build a habit of reading, but since they are “easy” or fun reads, they don’t help build a habit of reading stuff you don’t like.

I myself have this problem. I have an omnibus of Jane Austen on my bookshelf, and while I was able to get through Sense and Sensibility, being guided by the foreword suggesting that I read it in terms of a Romantic or a Dionysian disposition (Sensibility) in contradiction to Sense or an Apollonian disposition, I think Austen is a judgmental b---- and someone who doesn’t think enough; while she’s obviously intelligent and an astute critic of her social circumstances, she is pleasant and she doesn’t rail about it; she’s not enough of a feminist and thus it’s painful for me to read her and I have to force myself through.

I think about Ba Jin, for instance, a Chinese writer who complained often about the family. In one of his novels (and I deliberately flipped to the back, translated novels are often unreadable, but Chinese translations are worse than others) he wrote an invective against the traditional Chinese family, and in the final scene he has one of his characters storming off in disgusting, remarking that “the family” killed “her”, probably some critical character.

It’s brutal, and probably lacking in craft and tact, which is why I didn’t read the rest of the novel, but sometimes I wish Austen would go ahead and drop a bombshell scene like that and get your blood pumping. It reminds me of something Anthony Burgess once wrote in an essay about gender in fiction-writing about how Jane Austen, or perhaps Virginia Woolf, is immaculately mannered and talented, but as a hot-blooded male he would like to, in a literary sense, of course, seize Austen or Woolf and have his nasty way with her.

But I go on and try to read Jane Austen, no matter how much I may dislike her (the wit that Austenites celebrate to me is mere sauciness).

If you think I’m some kind of robot trying to sell and advertise education as a method of producing drones, I’m completely the opposite. I love literature (Kafka, Murakami Haruki, Murakami Ryu, Mishima, Oe, Mann, Camus, Houellebecq, my brief reading of Mo Yan, although I prefer Yu Hua’s surrealistic pieces, Burgess, the single chapter in Moby Dick by Melville where he all of a sudden, in a famously dense and self-indulgent tome, mentions that “nothing happened today” and goes to the next chapter, leaving you scratching your head, Fitzgerald in parts, although the fact that he’s part of the canon has diminished my appreciation of him, Twain, etc…). However, my experiences as being a flower-power unschooling hippie kid has shown me that to get the most out of life, you need to work hard when you’re a child, to the extent of denying yourself a childhood. All across the world kids do this, and even in America people work their asses off. The point isn’t necessarily to become yet another mediocre drone, or protect yourself from the terrible possibility of losing your social class, but so that you become well-educated and industrious enough that you have power. Otherwise, all your dreams, no matter how beautiful, are impossible; the Chinese, or perhaps it’s merely Lu Xun, claim that if you have an unhappy childhood you are guaranteed a happy adulthood (in my own practical experience, this isn’t guaranteed; unhappy children sometimes grow up to be serial murderers or just suicide, but rarely is the high achiever someone who has never experienced some form of trauma or dislocation).

So what I am doing is rejecting my own childhood values in favor of something more Victorian, a trend that I suspect is common among members of my own generation.

I’m really digressing, though, but it’s really therapeutic after a bad day. The imperative to just read, imo, scares me. It often ends up with kids who read Game of Thrones or Harry Potter and never go further than that; it makes them readers, but not necessarily good readers, and definitely not complete readers, because they need to be able to engage with high-literature and analyze it to be fully competent. In Game of Thrones and Harry Potter, you can read critically, but it’s not necessary to your enjoyment of the work, whereas say, Finnegan’s Wake doesn’t even make sense without either annotations or an English degree, and both Nabokov’s Pale Fire and Lolita (which, despite its salacious reputation, is statistically analyzed as the favorite book of high scoring SAT takers above the 1800 level. Not child-safe, or at least parental guidance required. Will impress your teacher, though) cannot be read literally to get the most enjoyment out of it (Humbert Humbert, for instance, is a metaphor for the corrupting influence of words; he’s a poet, a silver-tongued narrator, but a pedophile, a mental-patient, a child-molestor, and a madman. It is a testament to Nabokov’s skill that we are so often able to forget these salient facts).

The other thing, as I told the person who asked me about it, is that you do not want your child to read or misread Ayn Rand and become a selfish narcissistic Objectivist, not even a Nietzschean. You do not want your child to read or misread Camus and Sartre and embrace their philosophy of radical freedom and become irresponsible louts. You do not want your child, as I did, to become enamored of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi and explore all the fascinating ways Taoism can ruin your life. Reading, when unguided and overly restricted, can lead people to read a few books and become in Mencken’s words, “the intellectual slave of a long-dead German philosopher”, who is sometimes a proto-Nazi. Where do neo-Nazis come from, anyways? At some point, they come into contact with that particular corrosive literature, and you do not want this to happen to your child.

@CBluedreams, I agree with you that reading quality material is best, but we are talking about kids here and most middle schoolers are more interested in Harry Potter than Sartre. My kids branched out in 8th and 9th grades as they matured but until then it was mostly fantasy and a lot of it and that developed their reading skills pretty well and got them pretty much perfect reading scores simply by doing some of the practice tests in a test prep book.

Would I, as a parent, prefer that my kids had spent more time with the NY Times and all the classics of English literature than some of the mediocre fantasy they read? Of course. But I do believe it helped them to score high.

I also don’t think that just because you read a book means you will become brainwashed by it. Yes, my older one survived some Ayn Rand in high school, among many diverse books she read. I doubt a book is going to make anyone into a Nazi unless their upbringing already supported such views.

Ironically, Sartre is almost easier to read than Harry Potter. English literature, IMO, is not good teaching material for kids and weaker readers, because the language often gets in the way. Translated literature, on the other hand… “Traduttore, traditore”; to translate is to betray, and both the beauties and difficulties of language are stripped out.

Are all translated books appropriate for younger readers? Of course not; some of them are way too long (Wind-up Bird Chronicle anyone? I still have a copy of 1Q84 collecting dust somewhere), and others are either too violent or sexual. On the other hand, you can force L’Etranger on a kid in translation, simply because the language is often so easy and the book is so short.

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Another thing is, maybe I’m just projecting, but books can be very powerful, almost poisonous. It sort of depends on the personality, of course, some people might be highly grounded in the concrete, others may be more prone to abstraction and more vulnerable to pernicious influences. It could just be American anti-intellectualism, but in other countries we had the tradition of campus radicals who were engaged in schoolboy terrorism with devastating results; Nazi-ism may be an extreme case, but we’ve all known the campus Objectivists that make you want to set Rand’s books on fire, or radicals who attack police barricades for the sake of it.

I think if you still remember your college years, we’ve all met people who’ve read one book and were overrun by it; a single book can make you its slave, a multitude of books will make you their master.

Also, I’m curious. Did anyone try to build a high school english textbook based entirely on translated literature? Sort of wish I had something like that freshman year back in the day.

This is off the subject but after I finish my required 2 years of spanish in which I’m taking spanish for spanish speskers should i change to latin and take only 2 years of that or do all 4 years of spanish?

Nuts… my kids read what they wanted, which included a lot of fantasy and no Sartre (unless maybe assigned in school). Their dad used to make the same (snobbish) argument that only “good” literature would help them. Their test scores shut him up.

Colleges generally want you to stick to one language. Although Latin can help with CR scores because knowing the root of words helps you recognize the meaning of words.