Why does college cost so much? (hint: it's not faculty salaries)

<p>I’m looking at the AAUP report and – though I am a word, not a number person, I don’t see a 37% increase for continuing faculty since 2000. That percentage surprised me because in my family, and all the academics we know, have been facing 0-2% increases since at least 2007, and the raises before that were considered 3%. When humanities faculty are making $75k as a tenured faculty member, a 1% raise doesn’t amount to much in the paycheck. </p>

<p>The AAUP report notes:
" The right half of the table compares the change in average salary with the national increase in consumer prices over the previous year, asa measure of whether the purchasing power of faculty salaries is keeping pace with inflation. Table A indicates that salaries held steady over the past year. This finding represents a slight improvement over the three preceding years, largely the result of a relatively low inflation rate, but that is small consolation for the many faculty members who are still struggling to make ends meet."</p>

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The 37% increase was the rate for all faculty. Continuing faculty had a 58% increase. The 58% figure is a product of all the values in the corresponding column. The average listed increase per year for continuing faculty during this period was 3.9%. 1.039^12 = 1.58. This is an average over many colleges. There will be individual colleges and individual faculty within those colleges that are far from this average.</p>

<p>Interesting thread. Regarding Amherst’s new science center and razing of the dorms from the 60s, sometimes it costs less in the long run to build new with green technology than to try to add systems and refurbish and renovate older buildings. </p>

<p>Colleges in this country sometimes seem to be turning towards the Japanese model: a 4 year break where you have a lot of fun and make connections, but don’t learn very much, between the crushing grind of high school and the crushing world of work. The focus on student life would fit with this model.</p>

<p>@somuch2learn

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<p>Wesleyan has an analogous set of dormitories, built during the same time period, and it figured out a way to give them a substantial make-over at a fraction of what it would have cost to demolish and rebuild them. It’s possible that Amherst’s were just more shabbily built than Wesleyan’s. If so, it’s a shame. Really good mid-century modern architecture will someday be as valued as potted Palladio is on some campuses, IMHO:</p>

<p><a href=“http://wesleying.org/2012/09/01/photos-the-butts-have-received-an-augmentation/#more-75929”>http://wesleying.org/2012/09/01/photos-the-butts-have-received-an-augmentation/#more-75929&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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<p>For that to happen, it’ll have to get to the point where so many students registered for a given class skip out for most of the semester except for exam periods that universities reserve classrooms which could only accommodate around 1/4 as that’s around how much are likely to show up regularly. During exam periods, so many show up many end up taking exams on the classroom floor and into the hallway. </p>

<p>Also, grading/workload was a complete joke until the last year or so…and only because students are preparing for civil service or corporate entry skill assessments. </p>

<p>The above was a friend’s experience as an undergrad student at Waseda U(top 3-4 in Japan) sometime in the early '90s. </p>

<p>From the article: "Patricia L. Leonard, vice chancellor for student affairs at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington, said that growth in student services might reflect colleges’ response to increased regulation and pressure from parents and policy makers.</p>

<p>Faculty members typically don’t deal with legal disputes, government regulations, athletics compliance, or intervention in mental-health, sexual-assault, or disabilities issues—that’s the professional staff’s job, she said."</p>

<p>I wholeheartedly agree with the above comments. </p>

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<p>Most college students attend local two or four year colleges (often as commuters) and study pre-professional subjects with intent to make careers in those subjects (whether or not such choices are good ones based on actual job markets is a different story). So if some colleges are turning toward that model (the subject of some criticism lately, such as [The</a> Five Year Party](<a href=“http://www.thefiveyearparty.com/][i]The”>http://www.thefiveyearparty.com/), by those who claim that is the case), that may still only reflect the experiences of a minority of college students.</p>

<p>Regarding housing, take a look at the picture of the dorms on this page:
<a href=“http://www.housing.berkeley.edu/livingatcal/unit1.html”>http://www.housing.berkeley.edu/livingatcal/unit1.html&lt;/a&gt;
(this picture: <a href=“http://www.housing.berkeley.edu/livingatcal/images/unit_1_4.jpg”>http://www.housing.berkeley.edu/livingatcal/images/unit_1_4.jpg&lt;/a&gt; )</p>

<p>The building on the right was built in 1960, and is arranged in older style double and triple rooms off a hall with one gang bathroom per floor. The building on the left is of more recent construction, and is arranged in suites of double and triple rooms; two rooms share a private bathroom. Note also the architectural cosmetics of the two buildings; the more recent building appears to have been designed with more attention to the architectural cosmetics.</p>

<p>They do charge more for double rooms than triple rooms, and more for rooms in suites than in halls with gang bathrooms: <a href=“http://www.housing.berkeley.edu/livingatcal/rates.html”>http://www.housing.berkeley.edu/livingatcal/rates.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

<p>Some pictures of the interiors:
<a href=“http://www.reshall.berkeley.edu/unit1/buildings/towers/pictures.html”>http://www.reshall.berkeley.edu/unit1/buildings/towers/pictures.html&lt;/a&gt; (the older buildings, obviously renovated)
<a href=“http://www.reshall.berkeley.edu/unit1/buildings/suites/pictures.html”>http://www.reshall.berkeley.edu/unit1/buildings/suites/pictures.html&lt;/a&gt; (the newer buildings)</p>

<p>Personally, I don’t see the issue with hallway bathrooms. I feel most dorm issues result from overcrowding in the bedrooms, not from hall bathrooms. New construction should focus on reducing the number of kids per bedroom.</p>

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<p>I would not put that under wasteful spending. I expect my child’s college to help him become employed, no matter where he’s going to have to travel for that to happen. This exact service played a part in why he selected the college that he did. </p>

<p>Here’s a handy tool that lets you quickly see where the changes in personnel have occurred at a variety of colleges and universities, public and private, over the period from 2004 to 2012:</p>

<p><a href=“http://www.freep.com/article/20140209/NEWS06/140205008”>http://www.freep.com/article/20140209/NEWS06/140205008&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

<p>In the aggregate, the data reflect the changes we’ve been discussing: faster growth in administration and professional staff (largely in student services) than in instructional personnel, and on the instructional side, declines in full-time faculty accompanied by increases in part-time faculty. But the aggregate figures may be misleading, because there’s such a wide variance among colleges. In Michigan, for example, much of the loss in full-time faculty positions is occurring at community colleges (e.g., Wayne County Community College, full-time faculty down 47%, part-time faculty up 60%), and some private colleges (e.g., Adrian College, full-time faculty down 14%, part-time up 36%), while at most of the state’s public universities the number of full-time faculty essentially remained flat (e.g., Michigan State, full-time faculty +2.2%, part-time -5%) or increased modestly (e.g., Western Michigan University, full-time faculty +7%, part-time +5%). A major outlier is the state’s flagship, the University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, where full-time faculty showed strong growth (+30%) while part-time faculty remained flat (-0.26%).</p>

<p>A similar pattern prevails in Minnesota where the flagship University of Minnesota-Twin Cities showed strong growth in full-time faculty (+41%) and a significant decline in part-time faculty (-15%), while most second-tier public universities in the MNSCU system saw sharp reductions in full-time faculty and sharp growth in part-time faculty (e.g., Minnesota State Mankato, full-time -12%, part-time +237%).</p>

<p>But not every state flagship fared so well. </p>

<p>Little or no change in f/t faculty: University of Wisconsin-Madison (+1.7%), University of Virginia (-2.6%) , University of Texas-Austin (+3.1%), Georgia Tech (-1.7%), Penn State (+4.6%), U Maryland-College Park (+2.6%), UConn (-0.1%), U South Carolina (+2.7%), U Oregon (-2.1%), University of Nebraska-Lincoln (-3.5%)</p>

<p>Reductions in f/t faculty: University of Washington (-19%), University of Georgia (-12%), University of Alabama (-17%), Clemson (-18%)</p>

<p>Increases in f/t faculty: UNC Chapel Hill (+20%), University of Florida (+21%), Indiana U (+32%), Purdue (+10%), Ohio State (+7), University of Iowa (+15%)</p>

<p>Note: it’s not clearly indicated with the data, but I believe these figures are all based on number of employees in each category per 1,000 students enrolled. At least that’s how it’s described in the accompanying story:</p>

<p><a href=“http://www.freep.com/article/20140209/NEWS06/302090081/michigan-college-university-hiring-employees”>http://www.freep.com/article/20140209/NEWS06/302090081/michigan-college-university-hiring-employees&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

<p>Here’s the student affairs structure at my university:</p>

<p>The Dean of Student Affairs is the boss boss boss. Under them there is a senior associate dean, 5 directors, 2 assistant director, and 4 associate directors. (13)</p>

<p>Then there’s the Dean of Judicial Affairs and Community Standards. I think she has 2-3 associate/assistant directors under her. (4)</p>

<p>There’s a Dean of Advising. Underneath him are 3 senior assistant deans (including one for “community outreach”), 2 assistant deans, 22 advising deans and 3 program coordinators. They’re responsible for the academic advising on campus.</p>

<p>There’s a Dean of Community Development and Multicultural Affairs. Within just Multicultural Affairs there’s a director of operations, an associate dean, an associate director, a senior associate dean, and 2 assistant directors. In the Community Development side, there are 2 associate directors, 3 directors and 1 manager (of media, performing arts, and publications). (14)</p>

<p>Then there’s an Associate Dean of Residential Programs. Under her there is a director, and then 7 associate directors. Note that RP is separate from housing at this university, which has it’s own completely different administrative structure. (9)</p>

<p>Lastly, there is Director of Student Financial Advising, who has 1 assistant director and 2 financial advisers under him. (4)</p>

<p>Overall, this is 74 people mostly with the title of ____ dean or director. This is for a campus of 6,000 undergrad students - none of these people serve the grad students attending the university. Those deans and associate deans I am betting making six figures or close; the assistant deans, advising deans, and directors I’m guessing are in the $50-70K range (including housing for the residential ones).</p>

<p>Now, I know and have worked directly with many of these people - they are wonderful, they really care about the students, and they do great work. But do we really need this many administrators to run student affairs for a medium-sized college?</p>

<p>What I found especially sad were the advising deans. At my undergraduate college, my professors were our advisers. At the end of each semester, you perused the student handbook and your student checklist, looked at the schedule and selected some classes for next semester. Then you made an appointment and sat with a professor you selected (or the one assigned to you) for ~20 minutes and they helped you make sure that your schedule fit your requirements and any professional desires you had. It was considered part of their jobs - and part of yours, too; as a college student developing independence you were expected to keep up with your course checklists and decide what would fill requirements the way you wanted.</p>

<p>Not here; the professors are too busy and important, so there are literally 22 people whose full-time job it is to help students choose their classes and ‘deal’ with academic issues like making up coursework when they miss class (I have gotten emails from advising deans letting me know that their student was sick and asking if I would please let them make up their work, as they had the flu. Err? I’m a graduate student, and not especially intimidating; all of my evaluations have commented on how warm and flexible I am, so why students can’t handle this themselves is beyond me). Again, amazing and very accomplished people; most have PhDs and they went into the job because they wanted to advise students. Heck, this is a full-time job <em>I</em> would love to do. But…really?</p>

<p>This is what I mean by administrative bloat. Not that student services is completely unnecessary - I used to work in student affairs and I love it. I love helping undergrads, and I love that someone is willing to pay me to make their lives easier. I’m just not sure that we need 6 separate deans/directors to organize their student groups AND their community service events - at an average salary of $60,000 a piece.</p>

<p>There is some good data out there by the Delta Project. I have spent some time looking at the data for my state. Here are the comparisons between Iowa and Iowa State. And the U Iowa wonders why most of the state legislators love Iowa State and dislike U Iowa. I think it also shows what strong presidential and exec leadership can do; Iowa State has it, U Iowa not at all. I believe Iowa State is the only U to increase full-time faculty while decreasing everything else.</p>

<p>University/College
Full-time faculty
Part-time faculty
Executive/administrative/ management staff
Professional staff
Nonprofessional staff</p>

<p>Iowa State University
Public 4-year
40.6%
-10.4%
-48.3%
-18.0%
-41.3%</p>

<p>University of Iowa
15.0%
-0.8%
-22.3%
23.0%
-25.4%</p>