Will I be penalized for my school's failure to send in documents on time?

I applied to Brown RD and submitted my Common App application on November 1 (and recently completed an alumni interview). However, I just received an email advising me that not all of the required information about me has been received by the school. Upon checking what documents were missing, I found that my school somehow managed to fail to send both my grades and letters of recommendation. I have been assured that they will be emailed on Monday and Brown’s email states that my application will be given “full and careful attention” upon their receipt of the necessary documents.

I know that several other students from my school applied and their documents were sent in on time. Will this situation negatively impact my chances?

No, it should be just fine. Brown’s not going to penalize you for your school sending in stuff late, as long as your part f the application was in on time.

It should not hurt your application. But you should have checked the application status on the Brown website earlier.

^^^ Agreed and since you discovered this occurred with one school, you should start checking your other portals to make sure everything has been submitted.