<p>It looks as though I used to tend toward the Princeton Review’s thinking. However, Dictionary.com’s entry on where makes clear that the word can be used quite liberally.</p>
<p>ok. could you explain the words ‘whereby’ and ‘wherein’ and when/how they are used please? And if I ever see something that is an irregular verb (like swim/swam/swum), can I conclude that it is an error? When these are used in sentences are they ALWAYS errors?</p>
<p>Well, if it’s wrong. One says, “I swim,” “You swam yesterday,” and “I had swum before that” (present tense, simple past tense, and past perfect tense, respectively). In fact, had swam was on my SAT in January I believe.</p>
<p>“Whereby” roughly means “by which,” “wherein” roughly means “in which,” “whereon” roughly means “on which,” etc.</p>
<p>One can correctly surmise that “wherefore” means, roughly, “for what,” or “why” (“wherefore art thou Romeo?” means something like, “Why are you [what you are–a Montague], Romeo?”).</p>
<p>Of course these are just rough definitions. “Whereby” can mean “through which” (“the process through which one can achieve success” = “the process whereby one can achieve success”). "He killed himself by using a knife; the knife was the means by which he killed himself; “a knife was the means whereby he killed himself” . . . If there exists a process whereby X happens, then X happens by way of the process.</p>
<p>“Whereat” and “whereupon” can mean “through the consequence of which”: “recently passed was the controversial law whereupon many Americans became furious.” The Americans became furious upon the law’s passage. They were furious at it.</p>
<p>So, “where” isn’t exactly “in which.” However, “wherein” is. But given the meaning of “where,” one can sometimes interchange “where” with “in which” and vice-versa.</p>