2010 AP United States History Discussion

Test Preparation AP Test Preparation
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<p>First Bull Run - first major battle; horrible Union defeat; indicated that the war would not be as short as once thought
Antietam - ended in a draw; prevented foreign intervention for the Confederates; allowed Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation, strengthening the North’s moral cause
Gettysburg - Lee wanted to invade the North to force the Union to surrender but he failed; horrible Confederate defeat</p>

<p>Please tell me if I’m missing something important. (I know there were other battles but I can’t remember enough details about them.) And I’m not sure if Gettysburg was a key battle.</p>

<p>Next question: What role did unfree labor play in colonial American society?</p>

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<p>Unfree labor had a fundamental role in colonial American society.</p>

<p>First, indentured servants were brought over from Britain. Their transport and living expenses were paid for, and they worked for a set period of time before being set free.</p>

<p>Through the headright system, British citizens would sail overseas to America in exchange for working for a set number of years. At the end of the time period (I think it was 7 years), the workers would supposedly gain land and money. The person who paid for the trip overseas would also gain land. This explains why such large plantations evolved in the South. However, as too many planters used the system, there was a severe scarcity of land to give, and many headright system laborers were not given land.</p>

<p>Finally, starting in 1617, slaves were imported from Africa in the Columbian Exchange and Triangular Trade. Slaves were rarely educated or given freedom. Slavery had lasting effects like, say, causing severe de jure and de facto segregation up through the 1960s.</p>

<p>Explain three origins of democracy in colonial America.</p>

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<p>First, the ideal of democracy began with the Enlightenment movement that emphasized humanism and man’s natural rights. Because they believed that every man had natural rights, this led to the idea of democracy, where every person could have a share in the government and exercise his/her rights.
Second, democracy and the idea of taxation with representation grew in popularity as a result of Britain’s taxation of the colonies without actual representatives in Parliament. Even though these taxes were relatively small, like the Stamp Act, the taxes irked the colonists because they had no representation. This led to demands for democratic governemnt and representation of the people.
Third, the meeting-house style of the Puritans in New England and the early government system, going all the way back to the Mayflower Compact, contributed to the rise of democracy in colonial America. From the very beginning, democratic government had been exercise through the meeting houses of the Puritants, the Virginia House of Burgesses, and other methods of democratic government within the colonies. The colonists were accustomed to having a say in their government, and this led to their eventual demand for complete democracy and independence from Britain.</p>

<p><em>Next question: Describe FDR’s Good Neighbor Policy and how this could have influenced totalitarian regimes in Europe and Asia.</em></p>

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<p>We just finished talking about FDR’s Good Neighbor Policy!!</p>

<p>FDR’s Good Neighbor Policy was in effect during the period leading up to World War II. It essentially replaced the Monroe Doctrine. It was directed mainly towards the Western Hemisphere. It was touted as a non-interventionist policy, though it did have a loophole that said that the United States could put down any “outside” forces. Also, the policy stated that if an outside country tried to take one of the Latin America states by force, the United States would have no choice but to intervene. The policy was extended with the Declaration of Panama directly following Hilter’s seizure of Poland; Latin America and the US set a 300 mile-radius “war free zone” around the Americas.</p>

<p>It could have influenced totalitarian regimes in Europe and Asia because at the time, Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin, and Japan were intent on gaining as much of an empire as possible. The policy most likely deterred these leaders from attempting to conquer the Latin American countries, as an attempt would have dragged the US, one of the most powerful nations, into the war.</p>

<p>^ Is that an okay answer?</p>

<p>Next question: Was the time period from FDR’s election to the beginning of WWII a period of isolationism or a period of intervention? Explain using specific examples.</p>

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<p>It was a period of isolationism. At the time of FDR’s election, US was in the most severe depression its seen. Almost all efforts were concentrated at home. Roosevelt brought in his New Deal and second new deal which all concentrated on improving the US, hell he even closed off most Immigration from Europe. When WWII started with the invasion of Poland, the US was very prescise about being neutral, not helping either side. But around 1940-1941 the US started a system of trade with the allied powers such as the lend lease system. Before that, the US really wanted to leave Europe alone. When japan attacked pearl harbor, neutrality was severed and the US joined the allies. </p>

<p>Good neighbor policy seems good </p>

<p>When was reconstruction completely over, and how did the Suprene Court and next presidents until McKinley influence the social and economic status of the US during post reconstruction-1900</p>

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<p>what year do we have to know up to for the exam?</p>

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<p>Ice Age to George H.W. Bush.</p>

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<p>ice age…***? im pretty sure colonial times</p>

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<p>There may be some pre-colonial questions but only a few.</p>

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<p>Reconstruction was completely over after the compromise of allowing Hayes (Republican) to be president on the condition that they would pull federal troops out of the South. This was in 1877.
Socially, the Supreme Court played a major role in NOT protecting African-Americans from discriminatory acts. The most famous case of this would be Plessy v. Ferguson that ruled that “separate but equal” facilities were constitutional. Following this decision, the Jim Crow laws further added to the segregation of the South. The presidents were characterized by a conservative, complacent attitude towards civil rights. Cleveland, Harrison, and Cleveland again did little to promot civil rights for African-Americans in the U.S.
Economically, all of the presidents in their period from Hayes to McKinley were characterized by the “laissez-faire” attitude towards business, allowing the new business giants (steel, railroads, oil, etc) that were emerging to grow enormously. Lack of government control led to huge trusts, pools, rebates, and other practices that gave these companies enormous profits and power.</p>

<p><em>Next question</em>
Describe the conflict between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists/Jeffersonians/Democratic-Republicans in the period of Washington and Adam’s presidencies. Include any legislation, important events that would be relevant.</p>

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<p>during the washington and adams presidencies, the federalist and anti-federalist debate centered around the economy.
federalists such as hamilton proposed a national bank which would assume all debts of the states.
anti federalists such as jefferson and madision, however, were strongly against a bank be.c they believed the fed gov’t should only deal with issues such as national defense–and all other powers should be left to the states.
washington urged for a compromise and one was reached when the national bank was put in place and the capital was moved to washington dc.</p>

<p>also the protective tariffs…anti-federalists were against them fearing that tariffs would make business too dependent on federal government aid.</p>

<p>also anti federalists only agreed with the constitution once a bill of right was included. </p>

<p>ummmmmm ^ is this good? lol. am i missing anything?</p>

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<p>next question… hmmmm…</p>

<p>***<em>explain the various causes and effect of the Cold War.</em>
***</p>

<p>what do i need to know to pass this exam?? too broad of a question but can someone throw out names of eras i should know well?</p>

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<p>Causes:
After WWII the alliance w/ US and USSR ended. The intense rivalry between communist and non-communist nations led to the Cold War. </p>

<p>At the end of WWII, at the Yalta Conference, Germany was devided into four occupied zones controlled by BR, FR, SU, and US. Berlin also divided into four sections. the lack of agreement on German’s re-unification marked the start of the Cold War.</p>

<p>By 1948, Russia controlled Poland, E. Germany, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Czechoslovakia. Allies were angered that the free elections promised by Stalin at the Yalta conference were not held (<em>not sure about this, can someone clarify</em>), they then adopted a new foreign policy of ‘containment’ which is to keep communism to areas where it was already affected. </p>

<p>The ‘Truman Doctrine’ of 1947 stated that America would help any non-communist country to resist communist pressure. Marshall plan involved sending large amounts of american money to help non-communist countries recover from WWII.</p>

<p>WIth the unification of West Germany by the Western Allies, forming the German Federal Republic (GFR), the USSR reacted by placing a blockade on Berlin. This sparked the Berlin Airlift.</p>

<p>In 1949, Mao Zedong’s commnist forces won in China adding another front to the Cold War.</p>

<p>Another cause was the clash between communism and capitalism.</p>

<p>Also the attitudes of both sides. The Soviet Union was extremely concerned about its security after having been invaded twice in the 20th century. </p>

<h2>In 1955 West Germany was allowed to re-arm and join NATO causing Russia to form teh Warsaw Mutual Defense Pact with its buffer zone neighbors.</h2>

<p>Effects:
US believed that SU’s expansion threatened the developing nations of the world. So, in 1949 Pres. Truman and Congress approved nearly $400 million for technical development programs in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. The goal of this ‘Point Four Program’ was to modernize and strengthen developing nations and discourage the growth of communism.</p>

<p>Gorbachev’s policy of Glasnost eliminated the strict censorship practiced for hundreds of years. Glasnost stands for openness and Soviet citizens were now allowed to speak openly about their country’s problems. </p>

<p>QUESTION:
What was Perestroika?
and
Can you clarify my statement that I wasn’t sure about.</p>

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<p>The other Allies were worried that the Soviet Union would just effectively conquer all the territory they had liberated from Germany. To allay those concerns, Stalin promised at the Yalta conference that the Soviets would allow free elections to be held in all of the countries they had conquered. Didn’t happen, but the promise was why the Soviets got part of Germany.</p>

<p>And I’ll leave someone else to answer perestroika, I have to get to bed :x</p>

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<p>Perestroika: Gorbachev’s plan to restructure Soviet economy by introducing free-market practices. USSR economy was awful and he had to drop out of the arms race. This brought the two powers closer to ending the Cold War.</p>

<p>How about the major rebellions (Whiskey, Stono, Bacon, and other relevant ones)?</p>

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<p>The Whiskey Rebellion was the a rebellion against a tax on distilled alchohol and was the first time Washington used his army to show the power of the federal government.</p>

<p>The Stono rebellion was a major slave revolt during colonial times. (I think)</p>

<p>The Bacon rebellion was when there was conflict over indian policies in Virginia(?) and Bacon overthrew the governor.</p>

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<p>^ Bacon’s Rebellion was when poor indentured servants sprang into rebellion in the west, I thought.</p>

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<p>You’re both correct. Poor indentured servants sprang into rebellion in the west because of the unpopular Indian policies.</p>

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<p>Next Question: What scandals are associated with Grant’s Administration?</p>

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<p>all i can think of right now is the credit mobilier scandel</p>