<p>There are many students who are guaranteed admits into even HYPSM. Most often (in math and science), they possess a high placing in an international olympiad. For a numbers game, there can be at most 24 IMO participants (not medalists) in a graduating class. 6 freshmen, which is unheard of, who swap with 6 others for sophomore (more probable, realistically zero) year, 6 more for junior year, and 6 more for senior year. Out of an applicant pool of tens if not hundreds of thousands (inclusive) of students applying to top tier schools, these applicants really stand out. There are many olympiads, such as biology, chemistry, physics, and informatics, and finalists and semifinalists often coincide.</p>
<p>It is also exceedingly common for these students to graduate with 3.98-4.0 GPAs unweighted, 35-36 ACT scores, 2300+ SAT scores, and multiple 800s on SAT IIs. Students of this caliber are often well versed in the admissions game, so they also realize the value of extracurriculars (ranging from volunteer work to business starting). Again, more often than not, they are extremely proficient art and music students.</p>
<p>Keep in mind this is the collective case of 1-time participants, or medalists. In math, qualifying for the USAMO for all 4 years of high school while never making the IMO team is not unheard of. Students who qualify many times but not continuously have made the team. Think of how many students out there collectively have achieved commendable stats in addition to multiple finalist and semifinalist accolades. Then, there are students who participate in the numerous science fairs around the US. In addition, there are international students who’ve done the same thing within their respective countries. </p>
<p>The concession I make is that the absolute number is small, but the statement that Ivies are reaches for everyone is realistically unsubstantiated. I also realize I really only used the math culture example, as it is the one I’m most familiar with, but I wouldn’t be surprised if the same “elite” theory permeates the arts.</p>
<p>If you want a reference of kids like these, google search “Davidson Fellows” and read through some of the scholarship winners extracurriculars and other honors. Search for international olympiad participants (not necessarily medalists), and see how often their names pop up.</p>