<ol>
<li>mesoderm</li>
<li>the coelum cusihions the organism and allows it to have organs, muscles, which in turn provides for expansion and contraction</li>
</ol>
<p>what are the three types of neurons?
what is glia</p>
<h2>Yes, know the difference between euchromatin and heterochromatin.</h2>
<h2>Peroxosomes are also involved in photorespiration. They break down excess Oxygen that enters through the stomates, so that RuBP utilizes more CO2 for glucose production in the calvin benson cycle.</h2>
<p>1.The layer between a diploblastic organism is called a mesoglia. (ie. Hydra)</p>
<h2>2.A coelom basically is an organism that is lined by mesoderm and possess intersitual fluid. This basically allows protection of vital organs, and cushioning. </h2>
<p>Question:
1.What bacteria is present in the human Large Intestine? What does it do?</p>
<h2>The glia is the major support system of the brain.</h2>
<h2>Three types of neurons: Motor neuron, sensory neuron, and internuerons (connect impulses inbetween spinal chord and brain between sensory and motor).</h2>
<p>Question:
1.What bacteria is present in the human Large Intestine? What does it do?</p>
<p>I don't know what kinds of bacteria are in the colon, but they basically help keep the pH high and help the absorption of vitamins/minerals from the waste.</p>
<hr>
<ol>
<li>What are adventitious roots, fibrous roots, and taproots?</li>
<li>What is the pericycle?</li>
</ol>
<h2>In the large intestine of humans we possess E. Coli, that lives mutualistically--consuming any remaning undigested products.</h2>
<h2>Taproots typically are found in monocots (lawn grass), and dicots typically have a long single root called a tap root. Adventitious roots, are roots that arise on different parts of the plant--and no, it is not an extension of the root.</h2>
<h2>The pericycle is located on the inner endoderm of the stem of a plant. It gives root to the root system.</h2>
<p>1.What is the cortex used for in plants?</p>
<p>do u guys actually 'know this stuff' of the top of ur head?</p>
<h2>The cortex in plants is basically used for the storage of starches (polymers of glucose). I believe it also does entail some respiration, but the majority is taken place in the spongy mesophyll of leaves.</h2>
<h2>open question.</h2>
<p>Why shouldn't we know the material? We have our AP in about a week, and I myself have an SAT II in approximately the same time. I think it's safe to say we all do. We all went through a year of biology AP, and with the advent of the test(s)--we're most likely going to have reviewed the material in some shape or form.</p>
<h2>i thought that e. coli was found in the small intestine, not the large.</h2>
<h2>1. the cortex is in the roots and stem. it is used for structural support as well as storage for starches. it holds the vascular bundles and is made up of parenchymal cells that can later differentiate</h2>
<ol>
<li><p>what does it mean for a membrane (nerve) to be hyperpolarized?</p></li>
<li><p>what happens to the impulse in a neuron when a stimulus continues and increases in strength?</p></li>
</ol>
<h2>If a nerve is hyperpolerized--it has been inhibited. The potassium pump has been opened, and the action potential goes below the resting potential of -70mv. During this time period, the neuron may not transmit any impulses; this is a resting phase, in which the cell will return to status quo and resting potential--closing its gates, and transporting Na and K across a protein pump.</h2>
<h2>Well, I think you're referring to the action potential. I summarized this earlier, so if you want you can look back. Basically, the neuron needs to reach a threshold potential of +30mv, leading to depolarization (Na gates open--excitatory), repolarization (K gates open--inhibitory), and then hyperpolarization.</h2>
<h2>Really? I think E. Coli is in the Large intestine. I mean organisms tend to have mutualistic bacteria near the colin.</h2>
<p>1.What's the difference between a uniport, a symport, and an antiport?</p>
<ol>
<li>i'm guessing from the word roots and stems:
uniport, only transports materials one way across a membrane.
symport: transports materials both ways across a symport. (Na/K pump)
antiport: transports materials across a concentration gradient??</li>
</ol>
<p>hey ivy, could u give examples of each of the above?</p>
<h2>Symport two electrons in a one way direction. Antiport transports electrons in opposite directions.</h2>
<p>Examples of what specifically?</p>
<p>what each uniport, antiport, and symport are.</p>
<p>if they transport electrons, aren't they like NADH and electron acceptor-type molecules?</p>
<p>yeah, E. coli is in teh large intestine. IT also produces methane, which is why fart smells bad...</p>
<ol>
<li><p>uniport moves one type of solute against a concentration gradient
symport moves two solutes..one against the concentration gradient and the other with
antiport moves two solutes..both against concentration gradient</p></li>
<li><p>which hormones increase/decrease calcium in the blood and where are they located?</p></li>
<li><p>why is calcium needed for muscle contraction</p></li>
<li><p>describe cystic fibrosis</p></li>
</ol>
<p>no i definitely dont know all of these off the top of my head..i have to look up many answers..like the one above..</p>
<ol>
<li>calcitonin lowers Ca levels, formed in the thyroid. parathormone raises Ca levels, formed in the parathyroid.</li>
<li>Ca+2 is needed to alter the troponin-tropomyosin levels of the muscle.</li>
</ol>
<h2>3. cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disorder that has a large buildup of liquid in the body without the ability to get rid of it.</h2>
<ol>
<li>which type of coelomate has spiral cleavage, and which type of coelomate has radial cleavage as an blastocyst?</li>
<li>how does the mark and recapture method work?</li>
</ol>
<p>1.Protostome:Spiral Cleavage. However, radial symmetry is seen in echinoderms who possess a deuterostome.</p>
<h2>2.Mark and Recapture is used to monitor a population, or a particular organism. That's a simple definition and I think it's self implied. (thanks discover channel).</h2>
<p>1.What is a Morula?</p>
<h2>2.What is the shape of a prokaryotes chromosome(s)? How many?</h2>
<p>I'm calling it a night, see you guys tommorrow.</p>
<p>well..troponin-tropomyosin aren't really in "levels"...they form the thin filaments in a sarcomere so their levels are pretty much the same. The Ca++ causes the tropomyosin, which wraps around the actin and covers the troponin binding sites, to move away and expose the troponin to the myosin heads. FAcilitated by the cleavage of an ATP molecule, the actin "crawls" along the myosin heads, thereby causing muscle contraction. </p>
<ol>
<li>spiral: protostome; radial: deuterostome</li>
<li><p>don't know what that is</p></li>
<li><p>Describe the various ways genetic variation can occur in bacteria</p></li>
<li><p>how does a bacterial cell reproduce/</p></li>
</ol>
<ol>
<li>the beginning of a embryo that still hasn't formed a blastocoel yet. it's pretty early in development and only has blastomeres and no internal cavity.</li>
</ol>
<h2>2. prokaryote chromosomes are a long ring that's clumped tightly together. usually there's only 1 chromosome with plasmids outside of the main chromosome.</h2>
<ol>
<li>when does exponential growth occur?</li>
<li>what's the difference between primary and secondary ecological succession?</li>
</ol>
<ol>
<li>plasmids, transduction, transformation, should be another one, but i don't remember at the point.</li>
</ol>
<h2>2. bacterial cells usually copy their DNA and then go through binary fission. i guess something akin to simple mitosis??</h2>
<ol>
<li>when does exponential growth occur?</li>
<li>what's the difference between primary and secondary ecological succession?</li>
</ol>
<ol>
<li>when there are no limiting factors? reproduction rate>death rate..not sure</li>
<li><p>primary is when there was nothing growing before. secondary is when a disaster (fire) killed most living things previously living in the area</p></li>
<li><p>whats the differnece b/t a dicot and monocot</p></li>
<li><p>what are the types of plant tissue</p></li>
<li><p>describe the differnet excretory functioning units in differnet animal phyla</p></li>
</ol>
<ol>
<li>dicot has two cotyledon, mono only one. dicot has vascular bundles in a ring, mono randomly in the stem. dicot has netted leaf veins, mono has parallel veins. dicot has flower petals in 4s or 5s, mono has petals in 3s. dicots usu. have a taproot, monos don't.</li>
<li>ground, root, stem, leaf? lotsa types...?</li>
</ol>
<h2>3. nephron, protonephridia, malpighian tubules, fire cells.</h2>
<p>i think i'll be going now. good night everyone.</p>
<p>open question.</p>