<p>why don't we limit it to one question?</p>
<p>Um, that's how we've been doing it the entire time. Geez, Carpe Diem.</p>
<ol>
<li>Tay-Sach's - inherited disorder, brain cells unable to metabolize certain lipids, recessive at organismal level, incomplete dominance at biochemical level, codominance at molecular level.</li>
<li>Segregation is that two alleles for a character separate during gamete formation. Independent assortment is that pairs of alleles separate independently of other pairs.</li>
</ol>
<hr>
<p>why are tunicates special?</p>
<p>just because you've been doing it the entire time doesn't mean it's smart...</p>
<p>1.What's the difference between a protobiont and a coacervate?
2.What's the difference between a competitive and noncompetitive inhibitor?
3.What is genetic drift?
4.What is operant conditioning?</p>
<ol>
<li>protobionts are the precursors to prokaryotes...coacervates are artificially produced protobiots and have semi-permeable membranes</li>
<li>competitive inhibitors bind to the active site while non-competitive inhibitors bind somewhere else on the enzyme where it will change its shape and interfere with its function</li>
<li>genetic drift is the random change in allele frequency, usually in a small population and promotes evolution
<ol>
<li>operant conditioning is a method of learning where the animal learns based on trial and error. Experiments were done with rats by B.F. Skinner, where rats learned to push levers to obtain food to avoid painful shocks.</li>
</ol></li>
</ol>
<h2>Tay-Sach's: It's basically a non sex gene (autosomal) recessive trait, that leads to enlarged heads and other abnormalities. How prevelant are diseases on the AP? I honestly didn't see any questions, but when looking at sample essays it's good to have a base of one or two. The easiest down syndrome, and another of your choice I suppose.</h2>
<h2>Law of ind. assortment involves the random pairing of pairs of homolgous chromosomes during meiosis I. This in turn leads to certain alleles going into particular gametes.</h2>
<h2>Tunicates are organism that live by other organisms, or substances--rocks for instance.</h2>
<p>No, vice versa. Coacervates have semi permeable membranes and protobionts are the predacessors of coacervates.</p>
<p>What is a cofactor? Provide an example.</p>
<p>what i was aiming for is that what makes tunicates special is that they are members of the deepest branch of chordates.</p>
<p>a cofactor is a mineral (Fe in the heme and also in redox reactions in respiration) while a coenzyme is an organic substance (NAD+, NADP+, FAD).</p>
<p>what is the vector cell used for?</p>
<p>cofactors = nonprotein helper for enzymes, like iron
coenzymes = organic cofactors, like vitamins</p>
<p>Hm, correct me if I'm wrong, but I believe they have a four chambered heart, and a three part brain. I honestly don't think the AP will ask a question like that, but then again since it is a chordate, one can assume.</p>
<p>what do T-even phages look like?</p>
<p>Yes, cofactors are non protein molecules that enhance enzyme funntion. A holoenzyme units the two molecules.</p>
<p>Sorry if it was answered before.</p>
<p>What significance does the addition of a G cap and a poly A tail hold, and where/when does this take place?</p>
<h2>killaerone, it was answered--but no problem. The GTP(guanine triosphate) cap is placed on the tip of the mRNA molecule, and a poly A tail is added at the end of the mRNA. This occurs during processing, with the addition of the cleavage of introns, and snRPS splicesomes that ligase the exons. The caps basically finish the product, and prepare it for translation with rRNA, and the transfer prior with tRNA.</h2>
<h2>a t phage simply is the conventional diagram of a virus. It looks like some post 40th century robot spyder. It possess a head that contains the genetic material in the form of nucleic acid, and protein coat called a capsid. At times, the capsid will possess antigens to sneak pass antibodies.</h2>
<p>1.What's insight learning?
2.What is parthogenesis?</p>
<p>Insight learning is when an organism accomplishes a task without any prior background knowledge or experience. For example, a chimpanzee unable to obtain food due to lack of reach may stack boxes to reach the food.</p>
<p>Parthogenesis, I believe, is birth from an unfertilized egg.</p>
<p>Provide an example of a mutation.</p>
<p>erm, cancer.</p>
<p>or if you grew another arm</p>
<p>or if you developed superpowers.</p>
<h2>Mutation(s): Insertion/deletion--most severe mutation, in which a nucleotide is inserted into a codon, and shifts the entire sequence, ergo point shift mutation. Wobble effect, not dangerous, it is basically the jumping and switching of nucleotides. Translocation is the change in an entire codon sequence. Also deletion and substitution (self explanatory).</h2>
<p>1.What are the purpose of peroxisomes?</p>
<h2>2.Nucleosomes produce_____</h2>
<p>Haha, good to see you JimmyEatWorld. I'm sorry, we're not talking about X-men buddy.</p>
<ol>
<li>to help catalyze the breakdown of certain toxins, especially H2O2.</li>
</ol>
<h2>2. nucleosomes are bundles of DNA wrapped around histones... i don't understand the question...</h2>
<ol>
<li>what is the layer in between diploblastic organisms called?</li>
<li>what evolutionary advantages did having a coelom give?</li>
</ol>