<p>Oparin and Handane? Never heard of them.</p>
<h2>Hm, primitive atmosphere--stated that as a result of an absence of oxygen, organic molecules could form. Eventually, Stanley Miller, I think in the 1950's designed an experiment; he made a primordial atmosphere with all of the primitive gases (methane, ammonia, Hydrogen, Carbon dioxide)--then added electrical shocks mimicking lightening. Days later, Miller found organix molecules in the environment.</h2>
<p>Since we're on the topic...
Q:
1.What was the heteroph theory?
2.What was the endosymbiotic theory?</p>
<p>I think this is just you and me bud. This is pretty much my poor excuse to study for my APs. Anyway, not sure about the heterotroph. The endosymbiotic theory has to do with mitochondria and choloroplasts right? The theory proposes that these organelles may have once existed as separate entities due to evidence of DNA and ribosomes.</p>
<p>Explain the fuction of ATP synthase in respiration.</p>
<p>What are Haversian Canals?</p>
<h2>Haha, yeah it's pretty sad that we're the only ones.</h2>
<h2>The heterotroph theory simply states that heterotrophs were the first organisms on earth. Yeah, and the endosymbiotic theory deals with mitochondia and chloroplasts being prokaryotes, and aiding in the formation of the first eukaryotes.</h2>
<h2>ATP synthase it's an enzyme known for the production of ATP (hence the name). It's located on the electron transport chain, where the majority of the 36 total ATP are produced.</h2>
<p>Q:What are the two types of phytochrome, and which photosystems are they located in?</p>
<p>Okay.</p>
<h2>Phytochrome has the ability to absorb sunlight, hence found in the thykaloid membrane of the chlorplast--under light "dependent" reactions. The light dependent reaction includes noncyclic and cyclic phosphorlyation (using light to make ATP). Photosystem I and II are found in the noncyclic (sought as more evolutionary advanced), and only Photosystem I in the cyclic cycle. Photosystem I contains phytochrome p680, and Photosystem I contains phytochrome p700.</h2>
<h2>Chemiosmotic Theory, basically is ATP synthase.</h2>
<p>Question:
1.What is a gastrovascular cavity? Give an example.
2.What is an alimentary canal? Give an example.</p>
<p>I think we are studying for different tests haha. Ap Bio is it? Anyway, a bit tangential considering this is history, but did WEB DuBois preach black separatism or integration?</p>
<h2>I posted already. I'm skipping back and forth.</h2>
<p>Question:
1.What is a gastrovascular cavity? Give an example.
2.What is an alimentary canal? Give an example.</p>
<p>I have no idea what either of those are. I shall return in an hour when the Amazing Race is over.</p>
<h2>Sounds...uh, lovely.</h2>
<p>Gastrovascular Cavity: is an example of a two way digestive system--in other words, when something is consumed it too is excreted out of the mouth. This is particulary seen in Hydra.</p>
<h2>Alimentary Canal: is having a one way digestive system--a mouth to anus. This is seen in Humans.</h2>
<p>Questions are open for anyone (I'm getting Carpal Tunnel, seriously--so take it away someone).</p>
<p>Haversian canals have something to do with the bones, I'm not even in AP bio.</p>
<p>Haversian canals are the canals containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymph ducts. </p>
<p>OK, here's some easy ones from old AP exams. </p>
<ol>
<li><p>Nitrogen becomes available to plants by all the following processes EXCEPT
A) Ammonification
B) Denitrification by denitrifying bacteria
C) Nitrification by nitrifying bacteria
D) Nitrogen fixation in plant nodules
E) Nitrogen fixation by prokaryotes</p></li>
<li><p>The main fuction of water in photophosphorylation is to
A) Provide electrons which are energized by light energy
B) Facilitate the movement of pigments into and out of the chloroplasts
C) Provide the necessary oxygen for the photosynthetic process
D) Supply the energy required for photosynthesis
E) Maintain the integrity of the chloroplast membrane</p></li>
<li><p>Which of the following lack a true coelem?
A) Earthworms
B) Mammals
C) Mollusks
D) Roundworms
E) Sea stars and sea urchins</p></li>
</ol>
<p>1.b <-- a little iffy on this one, we haven't really talked about ecology yet in our bio class -_-
2.a
3.d</p>
<p>Describe the various forms of microevolution</p>
<p>What are the differences between a eukaryote and prokaryote?</p>
<p>eukaryote: nucleus, organelles with membranes, chromosomes wrapped over histones, cytoskeleton, differentiation
prokaryote: lack of nucleus, simpler ribosomes, single ring of DNA</p>
<hr>
<p>Describe the various forms of microevolution</p>
<p>nuclear membrane, organelles, 9+2 arrangement of microtubules in eukaryotes, not in prokaryotes. </p>
<p>um...pili and fimbriae in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes. flagella don't have plasma membrane covering (i think) and they're way smaller. and their dna is called a genophore in a nucleoid region. i know there are other things, but i can't think of them.</p>
<hr>
<p>microevolution? say what?</p>
<p>its not like the longterm macroevolution, but like the various changes between generation to generation. you'll see things like directional selection where one phenotype is selected more for. stabilizing selection where the most common phenotype is selected for. disruptive phenotype where the least common/extreme phenotypes are selected for. sexual selection where certain secondary sexual traits are selected for like peacock tail size. and artificial selection where humans choose the phenotypes that are selected for.</p>
<hr>
<p>name the large divisions of plant kingdom and their main features.</p>
<p>what are the differences between a monocot and dicot?</p>
<h2>Microevolution: This mainly refers to a sginle group of species, or the the single individual within the species. The various forms basically include Allopatric and Sympatric Speciation (Polyploidy, Balanced Polymorphism, and Hybridization), and Adaptive Radiation. In addition one can take into consideration genetic drift (excess repitition of genes in a small group of organism), and gene flow--lack or gain of alleles in an area.</h2>
<h2>Macroevolution:It basically involves a group of species--population. There are two may types--gradualism (small changes over a long period of time) and punctuated equilibrium (rapid bursts, after longs periods of "normalcy").</h2>
<h2>Pili are a result of conjugation in bacteria. Size isn't a difference among eukaryotes and prokaryotes, though the flagellae of both are made from basal bodies.</h2>
<h2>Haversian Canals:When looking at the cross face of bone, basically they're the openings which contains bone and blood vessels.</h2>
<p>Question(s):
1.What is pleitropy? Give an example.
2.Starches are first disolved in the ______ by the enzyme _______
3.In anaerobic repiration--named two by-products--from two anaerobic processes.</p>
<ol>
<li><p>pleitropy is when a gene has multiple phenotypic effects (eg. sickle cell gene: causes sickle shape of RBCs which leads to various other phenotypes)</p></li>
<li><p>mouth..amylase</p></li>
<li><p>alcohol fermentation-ethanol....lactic acid fermentation..lactic acid</p></li>
</ol>
<p>which part of the nephron is responsible for the reabsorption of water?</p>