<p>. . .</p>
<p>the descending part of the loop of Henle.</p>
<p>=================================
1. the ________ part of the basidiomycete is normally known as a mushroom.
2. what are differences between peptide hormones and lipid hormones?</p>
<h2>Nephron: The Kidney itself is composed of millions upon millions of nephrons, which in short are filtering tubules. I'm assuming the Bowman's capsule since it's at the beginning of the Nephron, and is near the glomerulus, which is a capillary bed. Hm, then again it could be the loop of Henle. Thanks for bringing that up--excretory is not my forte.</h2>
<p>Question(s):
1.Transpiration pull is a direct result of________
2.What is Thigmotropism?
3.What is the purpose of the Casparian Strip?</p>
<ol>
<li>cohesion and adhesion</li>
<li>dunno this one. but may be related to some sort of growth... i think it has something to do with differentiated growth by touch???</li>
<li>i think it's used to filter various materials in the root of a plant before it reaches the vascular cylinder.</li>
</ol>
<h1>prev. questions</h1>
<ol>
<li>the ________ part of the basidiomycete is normally known as a mushroom.</li>
<li>what are differences between peptide hormones and lipid hormones?</li>
</ol>
<h2>Hm, assuming your talking about the digestive track, peptides commonly make up proteins--and proteins are first broken up in the stomach by pepsin (pepsinogen in the zymogen form). Though, all protein isn't digested, the remainder is digested in the duodenum of the small intestine. The small intestine has an inumberable amount of proteases, which are secreted by the pancreas. Enzymes such as trypsin and chymotripsyn break down protein for intracellular digestion. In terms of lipids, lipids are originally emulsified by bile--and later, after secreted by the pancreas--lipase breaks down fat for intracellular digestion.</h2>
<h2>Honestly, i think the anatomy of a fungus is trivial; considering it only possess a cap, stem, and roots. The fundamentals are that its wall is made of chitin, and is a heterotroph (specifically a decomposer).</h2>
<p>Question(s):
1.Transpiration pull is a direct result of________
2.What is Thigmotropism?
3.What is the purpose of the Casparian Strip?</p>
<p>thigmotropism-directional growth of plants due to touch...like vines climbing a wall
what is a casparian strip</p>
<p>and..we have to know the parts of a mushroom???</p>
<h2>peptide hormones are usually impenetrable to the cell membrane and must usually bind to a receptor at the surface and some sort of messenger molecule brings the info to the nucleus and changes occur afterwards. lipid hormones usually can go across the cell membrane and directly go to the nucleus and bind to a receptor that alters cellular activity.</h2>
<ol>
<li>what are okazaki fragments?</li>
<li>how does the heart's natural pacemaker work?</li>
</ol>
<h2>Well, I honestly haven't come across a single AP question asking for the fungi anatomy: just the composition of its cell wall. I don't think the SAT II is going to ask either--are you taking that?</h2>
<h2>Ok, so your definition of thigmotropism is correct. On the otherhand in reference to the casparian strip, it is the imperpeable ring surrounding the vascular cambium (phylum and phloem). Basically, when water is absorbed through the roots it goes through a set of channels (two types ones that go around cells--apoplast, and others that travel through--symplast) the epidermis, the cortex, the endodermis. There, The Casparian Strip is impermeable and won't let water pass through it, forcing water to travel through a main channel in the endodermis. Remember, once water gets in through that main channel, it can't go back.</h2>
<h2>Transpiration pull...that basically has to do with bulk flow, adhesion and cohesion--but mainly evaporation on the leaves of plants--also the stomata play a quintessential role.</h2>
<p>1.What's the difference between protobionts and coacervates?</p>
<p>okazaki fragments are the fragments on the lagging strand of replicating DNA bc it goes from 5' to 3', so the DNA polymerase has to work backwards; they are eventually fused by ligase. </p>
<p>the pacemaker (sinoatrial node) generates electric impulses, which spread through the walls of cardiac muscle cells, making them contract in unison. the impulses pass to the atrioventricular node (located between right atrium and right ventricle), which delays the impulses to make sure that the atria empty before the ventricles contract</p>
<p>wow..so did not know that before looking it up..</p>
<h2>1.Okazaki fragments:Basically the "newly" formed lagging strand in the making, as a result of the DNA polymerase. The gaps between the fragments are stuck together by an enzyme called a ligase.</h2>
<p>2.The heart's natural pace maker is the sinatorial node. It's part of the autonomic nervous system, meaning it isn't controlled.</p>
<p>Well, if no one's going to answer it...</p>
<p>Protobionts and Coacervates were involved in the primative atmosphere, and are known as "Precursor Cells." The difference, however, is that protobionts had a primitive membrane, which wasn't "selective." The Coacervate came later, and had a semi permeable membrane, and allowed water to flow through. Keep in mind prokaryotes don't have contractile vacuoules.</p>
<p>no idea what protobionts and coacervates are...</p>
<p>where does growth occur in phloem and periderm (bark)</p>
<p>i'm taking the sat ii bio also, dunno if i'm gonna go e or m there. how 'bout u?</p>
<h2>anyways, i had to look this one up. protobionts are precursors to prokaryotic cells and have proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. coacervates are primitive organic molecules that tend to react in biological ways, earlier than protobionts. please fill in any missing details... not really sure here.</h2>
<ol>
<li>how is a signal transmitted from dendrite to axon in a neuron?</li>
<li>what's the difference between the parasympathetic and the sympathetic parts of the nervous system?</li>
</ol>
<h2>The growth of the phloem occurs in a 1-2 degree formation. Old is on the inside, new on the outside--closer to the periderm, which is mature phloem--cork cambium. The xylem grows in 2-1 degree, with the xylem in the middle forming the heart wood. Sap wood being the newer xylem.</h2>
<p>1.The deuterostome forms the______
2.The prostosome forms the______</p>
<ol>
<li>deuterostome forms the anus first and the mouth second from the blastopore.</li>
</ol>
<h2>2. protostome forms the mouth first from the blastopore.</h2>
<ol>
<li>how is a signal transmitted from dendrite to axon in a neuron?</li>
<li>what's the difference between the parasympathetic and the sympathetic parts of the nervous system?</li>
</ol>
<h2>Sympathetic and Parasympathetic are both parts of the Autonomic Nervous system. Sympathetic can be described as a "fight and flight" response, while parasympathetic is a "rest and relaxation response."</h2>
<p>Transmission from dendrite to axon has already been talked about. I summarized it earlier. Honestly, I dont want to get karpal tunnel, but like--basically, Ca+2 enters the synaptic vesicle, triggers a neurotransmitter--either nor ephinephrine or Acetycholine or a GABA. They are released into the synapse (one of them), and then absorbed by the dedrite of the postsynaptic neuron. Then basically you get into the opening of K gates (excitory post synaptic potention--depolarization), and if Na Opens inhibitoryPSP. The transmitter that isn't absorbed is reabsorbed into the presynaptic neuron--or degraded by the enzyme cholinenterase.</p>
<p>nice. open question i guess.</p>
<p>Question(s):
1.Describe the purpose of histone in an inflammatory response.
2.Where are Helper T Cells produced?
3.What is the product of glycolysis--which is used the beginnning steps of the Krebs Cycle.
4.Describe Immuno-Deficiency.</p>
<h2>(relatively easy).</h2>
<p>Do you know, in comparison, the questions on the SAT II and Bio AP test--as well as the grade curve?</p>
<ol>
<li>Describe the differences of the feedback in the TRP and the LACTOSE operons.</li>
</ol>
<ol>
<li>histamine (?) keeps the inflammation going; it causes vasodilation and brings more blood to an area. it also causes the symptoms of allergies.</li>
<li>thymus gland</li>
<li>pyruvate.</li>
</ol>
<h2>4. immunodificiency is when your immune system malfunctions, is under "peak performance."</h2>
<ol>
<li>What is the enzyme found in mucous used to kill pathogens?</li>
<li>What are various methods of learning?</li>
<li>What is the cell that is the precursor to the primary speratocyte and what is the cell that is the precursor to the primary oocyte?</li>
</ol>
<hr>
<p>I dunno the curve vs. the AP. it changes really year to year, but the curve for sat ii e is supposed to have an easier curve than the m test. which one are you taking?</p>