@HRSMom Not so far as I know. The universities carve the US and the world up into regions, each allotted a target number of admits (e.g. 300 students from New England, 250 from the West coast, etc). Many will be far more granular in their blocs - X students from the Pacific Northwest, Y students from California, Z students from the mountain west, and so on.*
Most colleges will treat US citizens living abroad as a separate region: not one with 200 spots available (giving the same number of spots to a US expat population of 7-8 million that you’d give to a cluster of states with about 5 times that number is hardly fair), but a region nonetheless.
The bar is certainly set higher for expat applicants, as US citizens applying from abroad tend to be more qualified than your average American for a number of reasons. Foremost among these:
-The poor - whose children tend to have the worst educational outcomes - rarely venture abroad. How many people do you imagine emigrate to wait tables or work in a factory abroad? Not a lot. Most expats are well-educated professionals who leave the US for a well-paid position in another country.
-These students have escaped US public schools. While the US has some good schools, the average is poor - we perform badly on the PISA year after year, and reports like the one following the 2012 PISA cycle (link below) are scary to read. Expats, whose parents almost invariably place them in private schools if local schools are lackluster, are shielded from the effects.
http://www.oecd.org/unitedstates/PISA-2012-results-US.pdf
Overall, the expat pool is on a par with the tougher US states (CA, NY) at worst. The expats’ PSAT cutoff for national merit was 225 this year, and although I don’t know that there’s much data on US citizens abroad (I suppose it’s difficult to collect information on such a disparate population), I’d imagine they’re highly qualified applicants for the most part. Because their numbers aren’t comparable to the legions of applicants from China/India/Pakistan etc, however, competition isn’t quite as fierce for these students as it would be for “true” internationals.
*I gather the international regions are quite large by comparison with the US blocs; one college I’m applying to has a single counselor in charge of Western Europe and Turkey. The international pool will generally have a similar number of places to one of the US regions - about 10% of the freshman class - split between all these blocs, which is a large part of the reason international admissions are so competitive.