<p>Though I'm not taking AP Biology this year (took it last year, got a 5), I'm going to be attempting the USABO this year.
In light of that, and in an effort to educate myself and others, I figured that creating a thread for AP Biology/general Biology questions was a good idea.
I propose that I start the thread with a question, and each subsequent poster answers the question, and provides one of their own.
Here goes:</p>
<p>Name 4 examples of Polysaccharides, their functions, and where they are found:</p>
<p>Also, the idea for this thread was taken from Mifune's "Biology 2010 Prep" thread.</p>
<p>Good Idea!
4 common polysaccharides
Chitin- which is located in the fungus of cell walls and exoskeleton of arthropods and mollusk, it is a structural molecule made of Beta glucose molecules
Cellulose- which is located in plant cell wall, structural molecule in plant walls made of beta glucose
Glycogen- stored in the liver and muscles of animal cells, major energy storage molecule in animal cells, alpha glucose
Starch- insoluble in water, primary energy storage in plant cells, alpha glucose</p>
<p>For properties of water I’d say:
Hydrogen bonding-allows cohesion and adhesion because water molecules form a “film” over their surface, and the hydrogen bonding also makes water molecules bind tightly to each other-the slightly positive H and slightly negative O ends of the molecule attract each other.
Hydrogen Bonding also causes the high specific heat of water, which stabilizes temperature for life and allows organisms to tolerate high variances in heat. The high vaporizing temperature of water and the high amount of energy needed for water to be vaporized allows organisms to moderate temperature through evaporation (sweating is an example).
The hydrogen bonding also causes water to expand when freezing, making it float to the top, insulating water. This prevents oceans from freezing solid.
The ability of water to dissolve many substances also allows it to be the medium in which most of life’s reactions take place, and consequently, every organism is extraordinarily dependent on water.</p>
<p>Question:
Define Phloem and Xylem, and name the kinds of plants that have that tissue.</p>
<p>Edit:Oh, and I forgot to add that Hydrogen Bonds are caused by electro negativity differences between Oxygen and Hydrogen atoms. Thanks for reminding me, SakataGintoki.</p>
<p>Pectin : this is extracted from algae and put into food items such as jellies, jams, yogurt, ice cream, and milkshakes to give them a jelly¬like or creamy consistency.</p>
<p>Carbon dioxide is transported in human blood primarily in which of the following ways?
(A) As oxyhemoglobin
(B) As bicarbonate ions
(C) Attached to plasma proteins
(D) Attached to amino groups of hemoglobin
(E) Attached to the heme groups of hemoglobin</p>
<p>trace element, also called Micronutrient, in biology, any chemical element required by living organisms in minute amounts, usually as part of a vital enzyme, a cell-produced catalytic protein. Exact needs vary among species, but commonly required plant micronutrients include copper, boron, zinc, manganese, and molybdenum. Animals also require manganese, iodine, and cobalt. Lack of a necessary plant micronutrient in the soil causes plant deficiency diseases; lack of animal micronutrients in the soil may not harm the plants, but, without them, animals feeding solely on those plants develop deficiency diseases.
From Britannica.</p>
<p>B was correct. Here is another one from 1999 AP exam.</p>
<ol>
<li>Which of the following characteristics is common to all vascular plants that exhibit an alternation of generations in their life cycle?
(A) Large, independent gametophytes
(B) Multicellular sporophytes
(C) Fertilization in water
(D) Diploid spores
(E) Seed production</li>
</ol>
<p>B?
This next one if taken from Campbell-Reece 5th edition Chapter 16 The origin and evolution of microbial life:</p>
<p>Ancient cyanobacteria, found in fossil stromatolites were very important in the history of life because they:
a. were probably the first living things to exist on earth
b. produced the oxygen in the atmosphere
c. are the oldest known archaea
d. were the first multicellular organisms
e. extracted heat from the atmosphere, cooling the earth.</p>
<p>For the cyanobacteria question, I believe the answer is B: produced the oxygen in the atmosphere. Rationale: cyanobacteria are photosynthetic autotrophs.</p>
<p>The part of the brain that controls involuntary actions is known as the:
(A) cerebellum
(B) cerebrum
(C) hypothalamus
(D) medulla
(E) thalamus</p>
<p>^A
29. Which of the following is best observed by using a compound light microscope/
(A) A eukaryotic cell
(B) A virus
(C) A DNA sequence
(D) The inner structure of a mitochondrion
(E) A nuclear pore
Yes its B for question 47.</p>
It’s A because that is the largest structure on the list.</p>
<p>Functions:
A. Cerebellum- coordinates body movement; plays role in learning and in remembering motor responses
B. Cerebrum- performs sophisticated integration; plays major role in memory, learning, speech, emotions; formulates complex behavioral responses
C. Hypothalamus- functions as a homeostatic control center; controls pituitary gland; serves as a biological clock
D. Medulla-- controls breathing, circulation, swallowing, digestion.
E. thalamus- serves as input center for sensory data going to the cerebrum, output center for motor responses leaving the cerebrum, sorts data.</p>
<p>NEXT QUESTION
Which of the folowing correctly traces the path of light into your eye?
A. lens, cornea, pupil, retina
B. cornea, pupil, lens, retina
c. cornea, lens, pupil, retina
d. lens, pupil, cornea, retina
e. pupil, cornea, lens, retina</p>
<p>Thanks risubu, and you were right about 29.
B… I think</p>
<ol>
<li>Red algae can grow at greater ocean depths than most other algae can because red alga
are:
A) specialized for absorbing red wavelengths of light for photosynthesis
B) specialized for absorbing ultraviolet wavelengths of light for photosynthesis
C) specialized for absorbing blue wavelengths of light for photosynthesis
D) unable to use chlorophyll for photosynthesis
E) adapted for chemosynthesis, rather than photosynthesis
1999 AP test</li>
</ol>
<p>Facedownclap: E) adapted for chemosynthesis, rather than photosynthesis</p>
<p>Which of the following statements best summarizes organic evolution as it is viewed by modern evolutionists?
A) It is goal directed.
B) It represents the result of selection for acquired characteristics.
C) It is synonymous with the process of gene flow.
D) It is the descent of humans from the present-day great apes.
E) It is the differential survival and reproduction of certain phenotypes.</p>