<p>I’m not really proving anything, texaspg. I am just commenting that particular body types confer great advantages in different sports. This is different from claiming that a person of any body type can succeed in a sport at an elite level (Stanford-recruited athlete).</p>
<p>I read Dominique Moceanu’s autobiography a while ago. She remarked that people were often concerned that participating in gymnastics made girls short, but that this did not happen–instead, girls who had grown too tall tended to abandon the sport. I think you will rarely see a high-level woman gymnast who is over 5’5".</p>
<p>You have a good point about talent and its development, SomeOldGuy, but I disagree with you in some respects. From my observations, I think that we start much more equal in the ability to develop mathematical talent to very high levels, than in the ability to develop skill in particular sports to very high levels. </p>
<p>Epstein, in the Sports Gene, remarks that some people respond much better than others to training in terms of cardiovascular and pulmonary capacity, and that at least part of this difference is genetically based. Epstein was a runner at Columbia. He and his training partner (a naturally fast runner) had the same training schedule, but he improved much faster each season. His partner was sometimes thought to be lacking in “heart” or in mental toughness, because he didn’t improve much at all, from the training. But it wasn’t the case. I think that a lot of the big guys who “couldn’t play” have the height, but don’t have some of the other physical elements that go into being a good basketball player–e.g., long Achilles tendons, which help a lot with jumping, distribution of fast-twitch vs. slow-twitch muscle fibers, coordination, visual perception . . . I really do not think it’s generally a question of passion or work ethic–although not improving has got to be disheartening, so the circumstances feed into each other.</p>
<p>I think that everyone has virtually untapped mathematical ability, because we don’t put much effort into developing it (with the exception of a few places, and a few cultures). </p>
<p>The New York Times carried a story the other day about the sharp reduction in the number of teenage grand-slam winners in tennis now, as opposed to 15-25 years ago (particularly among women). They attributed the difference to the increased athleticism of tennis players now, which means that players need to be in their early 20s before they have developed enough to be competitive at the top levels.</p>
<p>If people trained in mathematics with the intensity that they train in tennis, everyone would be astoundingly much better. Then natural gifts might start to differentiate people. As it stands, I don’t think so.</p>