<p>This question comes up once every few months. I've already posted my thoughts previously, but I'm not sure if these posts have been archived.</p>
<p>Some quick background: In case you don't know, I own my own test preparation company (a local company), focusing primarily on one-on-one private tutoring (for mostly SAT, although we do tutoring for a number of other standardized exams as well). We also recently concluded SAT classroom courses at two private high schools for the March 1 SAT.</p>
<p>There is no single simple answer to the original question. One must consider the student's starting score, his or her location, and the test preparation companies and resources in the area. Unfortunately, much of the SAT preparation industry is populated with companies and teachers/tutors who are mediocre at best and incompetent at worst. I would include among this group the two well-known national test preparation companies. Kaplan, for example, actually shortened their SAT course from 24 (classroom instruction) hours to 20 hours when the SAT added the Writing section! Princeton Review courses are a bit better, but still not very effective. (In contrast, my classroom course includes 39 hours of instruction.) If this is all you have access to in your area, and your starting score is above average, self-study is probably the best path.</p>
<p>However, there are definitely a few reputable companies and capable tutors. A great SAT tutor or teacher, first of all, should be capable of scoring a 2350+ himself on the SAT. Moreover, he should have a track record of solid improvements with past students. And he should be able to boast of score improvements of 250-300+ points within 20-30 hours of tutoring with students with starting scores of below 1800. Finally, look for some kind of money-back score improvement guarantee. Some companies and tutors shy away from guarantees and like to explain that, while their students achieve significant score improvements in general, they do not believe in guarantees. This usually means that they are not confident in their abilities. As long as the guarantees carry strict conditions and restrictions (say, requiring a student to complete all of the homework, attend all of the sessions, and have a starting score in a certain range), a competent and experienced tutor should have no problem in guaranteeing a certain minimum score improvement for his students.</p>
<p>Given that you have access to a great company or tutor and cost is not much of a barrier, SAT preparation is probably effective in most cases, even for the highest-scoring students. (Make sure, however, that the tutor/teacher has had experience and success in dealing with high-scoring students.) The analogy of a coach for a sport or another endeavor (such as piano) comes to mind. Although the analogy is not perfect, it is definitely apt. An experienced SAT tutor, who has studied the test inside and out and dealt with students of all shapes and sizes, can diagnose a student’s strengths and weaknesses and issues, offer the appropriate instruction, including strategies and techniques, and assign the appropriate homework much more quickly and effectively than the student can do for herself. There is simply no way an ordinary student, even one who is highly intelligent, will beat an experienced and competent tutor (who has, say, scored a 2380 on his own SAT) who has studied and worked with the test for years and has tutored or taught dozens, if not hundreds, of students, successfully. Give me a student who is scoring a 640 in Math, and in about 4-6 hours, I can probably raise her score to a 710 or higher, something she may not be able to accomplish on her own in a month. You’re not only paying the money for the tutor’s knowledge of the SAT and various techniques and strategies (which you can perhaps gain on your own after studying a few SAT books and working a few practice exams), but also his vast experience with and insight into the exam, common issues and habits of students, the peculiar needs of individual students, the best books and questions on the market (if he is not using materials he wrote himself), what and how much to assign as homework, how to break through barriers and plateaus, etc. The latter set of skills and insights are certainly not ones an ordinary student with a limited amount of time will be able to secure on her own! There is also the issue of motivation and discipline, and this is an important one. In an ideal world, a student will be able to create her own study schedule and stick to it and devote a few hours to learning the various concepts and perfecting her skills every week. In the real world, this is not usually the case (of course, CCers are the exception to the rule). A tutor or a course can provide that necessary structure, motivation, and discipline that are so essential to a good score increase. And it is definitely not true that inherently unmotivated students will get nothing from a tutor or a course. A great teacher or tutor is able to spark the motivation in his student, no matter what she came in with. One quick case study I would offer is a student, with whom I recently finished working, who started with a 2140 on her first diagnostic SAT and achieved a 2390 on a recent diagnostic test. (Whether she scores a 2390 or 2400 on the March 1 SAT is largely a matter of luck, but I would be very surprised if she scores below 2350.) If you ask her or her parents, they will testify that the tutoring has indeed helped a great deal and that she would have probably not achieved a 2390 through self-study alone.</p>
<p>I have a strong objection to the characterization of test preparation as “cheating” or unethical. Legitimate and real forms of cheating already abound on the SAT. Witness the students who get fake IDs and take the test for others, look at their neighbors’ answers, discuss the questions and answers during the breaks, etc. SAT preparation may seem unfair, but it is certainly not unethical. Would you call low-cost or free SAT preparation courses for low-income or underprivileged students unethical? Would you label using College Board’s own online SAT course “cheating”? Would you consider preparing and studying for a school exam unethical? Is it unethical for a student to have “naturally” learned various test-taking techniques during his high school years? I would highly doubt it. What some people have a problem with is that SAT preparation, which can sometimes be costly, does not seem egalitarian and that higher-income students seem to have more access to SAT preparation. The solution, which many have already proposed, is that preparing for the SAT need not always be expensive. And SAT preparation actually levels the playing field in many cases: an intelligent student with strong grades doesn’t always perform as well on the SAT as another equally intelligent student with the same grades. My job is to shore up any weaknesses the first student may have in her knowledge or skills, train her to look at and work the questions a certain way, and give her the confidence to achieve a good score on the exam. These are skills and traits that the second student likely already possesses because she acquired them through other means, at other times.</p>
<p>One big issue that most CCers do not appreciate, since they are typically quite intelligent and very motivated and driven students and perform well on exams, is that some students have serious and deep-seated issues and difficulties with taking a standardized exam (and even school exams) such as the SAT. Some students have profound self-image issues: they don’t see themselves as intelligent; they don’t think they are good test-takers; they do not think they deserve good scores; they think they can do well on diagnostic tests, but they will always “bomb” or “choke” on the real thing; their family members are negative, etc. They may also have serious test anxiety. These are often issues that are almost intractable and very difficult or nearly impossible for a student to handle and correct on his own. Again, a great tutor will have experience with such students and issues and be able to identify and effectively address and correct these issues. You may not face these obstacles, but you should not underestimate the importance of professional help for students who do deal with these issues. SAT preparation may actually essential for such students if they hope to earn "respectable" scores. </p>
<p>While I respect Xiggi and his advice greatly, there is no “one-size-fits-all” answer to SAT preparation. For one thing, not every student is able to self-diagnose very well, and an experienced expert worth his salt is always able to do a better job more efficiently. One can always find students who achieved a certain score (say, a 2350) with self-study or even with minimal preparation period. But one student or score, or even several students and scores, will not prove a theory or principle. There will always be exceptions to the rule, and it would be a sad world indeed if all high scorers on the SAT needed 40 hours of SAT tutoring to achieve their scores! And, who is to say that even the "exceptions" would not have achieved even higher scores with some form of expert assistance?</p>
<p>I hope you appreciated my response. :)</p>