<p>^^I really don't agree with your first sentence, although I do agree with the last sentence. There aren't enough spots to admit everybody with sky-high test scores at Caltech as their incoming class is like 200 people. And the SAT is so easy (esp. the math part) that it doesn't tell you enough. It's more like that you'd better be 750+ on the math/science parts or they will wonder whether you can handle CalTech. </p>
<p>Grades are as important as test scores, especially your math/science classes. Perfect or near-perfect test scores and grades are more like a pre-requisite rather than something that will get you in. (I know there are exceptions, like maybe some guy qualified for USAMO but got a B in biology might get in.)</p>
<p>I would say the typical profile of the CalTech admit:
1. straight "A's" or A+'s in school
2. highest grade in all math/science classes
3. math/science recs say that they are the smartest person that year or in several years coming from that high school
4. 1500+/1600 on SATI, 750-800 on math SATI
5. 800 on Math SATII (very generous curve here, so this isn't hard)
6. 750+ on science SATIIs
7. done well in math and science competitions (maybe state medals)
8. if they took AMC, qualified for AIME
9. an attitude that they are really doing everything they can to get everything out of their education (i.e., get 100% avg. in math/science classes, taking summer classes if possible, doing projects on the side)
10. intense student in general</p>
<p>In general, I'd say getting sky-high test scores and grades is necessary but not sufficient to get into CalTech. I think the thing that gets you in are the recommendations. They had better say that you are one of the smartest people they have ever seen, especially if you go to a regular public school.</p>
<p>Incidentally, as recently as 10 years ago the above "formula" to get in was true about MIT.</p>