<p>Nope, not "incredibly mistaken." My information comes from both my counselor and admission officers. </p>
<p>The best online statements about ED's not being a legal agreement that I can find are here, first by Swarthmore's Dean of Admissions:</p>
<p>'"Early Decision is "not a legally binding contract," said Bock, "and we won't force a student to attend if they can't afford it."'</p>
<p>(Bock:</a> Early Decision admissions "works in the context of Swarthmore" :: The Daily Gazette)</p>
<p>Second, via another college website:</p>
<p>"Q: Is Early Decision "binding" in the legal sense of the word? If so, then what is the legal basis? Or do the colleges just have an agreement to "black list" students who fail to attend their Early Decision college?</p>
<p>A: Bottom line, I can't speak for the practices that colleges and universities take to enforce the binding element of their early decision programs. Enforcement mechanisms are not standardized and I think the dilemma itself is rare (most students who get in are happy to attend). That said, any legal action that a college could take to ensure specific performance would probably not be worth the resources to pursue. Colleges and universities operate in large part on an honor system that hopes and trusts the intentions and integrity of the students in the applicant pool. Universities also have little interest in unnecessary law suits. College counselors have an interest in upholding this integrity to avoid a negative reflection on them, their school and future applicants. Students themselves hopefully will continue to approach this decision responsibly."</p>
<p>(<a href="http://blog.%5Bz****%5D.com/go/2007/09/early_decision_and_early_actio.html%5B/url%5D">http://blog.[z****].com/go/2007/09/early_decision_and_early_actio.html</a>)</p>
<p>Third, from the NY Times:</p>
<p>"[ED] can also put certain strains on colleges. More than a third of colleges in the association's survey said students are not honoring early-decision commitments the way they used to. Though students must file a nonrefundable deposit at some point, the system operates on trust, not on anything legally binding."</p>
<p>(COLLEGE</a> PREP; On the Early-Decision Bandwagon - New York Times)</p>
<p>I'm curious what school your friend backed out of, and wonder if there aren't some details we're missing. Did she try to renege at the last minute, possibly to attend another school -- one that was not a public state school -- and therefore significantly cheaper? Perhaps she couldn't provide sufficient documentation of her financial situation? (I assume that's the OP's biggest concern.)</p>
<p>What I know is that ED is not something you back out of lightly, and not without good reason, regardless of whether or not it is legally binding. Kids who try to game the system end up utterly screwed. The most common way out of ED is finances, like I've said. The real issue is proving, with documentation, that you cannot afford your ED school. That's what the OP is asking about, particularly because it is the school itself who decides how much you can afford.</p>
<p>Does anyone have any personal experience about the sort of financial documentation necessary to decline an ED offer?</p>