Graduate school admissions 101

<p>From molliebatmit (Biomedical Sciences):
There are lots of different kinds of graduate programs.
Because each graduate program at a university admits students independently, we can't help you if you don't specify your field (history, IR, English, clinical psych, mechanical engineering, molecular biology) and the degree for which you want to apply (master's, PhD, MPH). And if you can't specify your field and the degree you want, you really have no business thinking about going to graduate school. Grad school isn't something you have to do, and you should be very comfortable with studying in a pretty specific area for several years. (Also note: if you are interested in medical school, business school, or law school, this is not the forum for you. Those are professional schools, and this is the grad school board.)</p>

<p>Graduate schools are looking for future scholars in your field, not "well-rounded" students.
Very broadly speaking, graduate schools care a lot about your letters of recommendation and your statement of purpose -- the essay you write about why you want to attend graduate school in a particular field, and what your qualifications are. In some fields, admissions committees care about things like undergraduate research, writing samples, your work or internship history, or an in-person interview. Graduate schools generally do not care about extracurricular activities whatsoever unless they're directly related to the field you want to study -- often there's not even a place to write about extracurriculars on the application. </p>

<p>Graduate school admissions are not usually as numbers-based as undergraduate admissions.
We can't tell you the magic GPA or GRE score that will help you get into the program of your dreams. And actually, that data's not even generally available on the web -- very few programs publish their average GPAs or average GRE scores. That's because those numbers aren't usually used as major determinants of your status; a bad GPA/GRE score will probably hurt you, but a good one definitely won't secure you a spot. You should try to do your best in college and get a good GPA and good GRE scores, but there's probably no number that's going to absolutely keep you out of every program.</p>

<p>Keep in touch with professors at your school whom you trust and respect.
Since graduate school admissions is so field-specific, you'll get the best advice from professors in your field. (And you need to cultivate relationships with them anyway to get good letters of recommendation, right?) Before you apply to a set of programs, run your list by a trusted professor friend. Does he/she think you're aiming too high or too low? Would he/she suggest any "hidden gems" that might fit your research interests? Your professors will have a better idea of your chances than anyone on the internet, and as a bonus, they often have connections with professors at other schools in your field.</p>

<p>You don't need to have all the answers early.
Enjoy college. You should be thinking about whether or not you'd want to attend graduate school in your junior year. The summer after your junior year is a good time to line up recommenders, pick programs, and study for and take the GRE (although you can take the GRE in the fall of your senior year if it's easier). You can even take time off after college and do something else for a few years before going back to graduate school -- it won't hurt your chances as an applicant, and may even help in some cases. You don't need to start thinking about graduate school in your freshman year of college.</p>

<p>From UCLAri (East Asian Studies)
Get out and do.
Spend more time in undergrad "doing" than "worrying." If you go out and do a bunch of interesting stuff, get involved with a professor on a project, and maybe demonstrate some leadership abilities, you will be a much more interesting candidate than the 4.0-GPA-but-no-social-skills-types. Professors have to live with you for 4-x-years, and they usually don't want someone who doesn't do anything but study and regurgitate.</p>

<p>Graduate school is, at least at the PhD level, about original research and producing something "new. Even most MA programs are going to look for research potential. Seriously, a 3.7 with tons of extra stuff on the side is much better than a 4.0 with nothing else.</p>

<p>Consider the payoff.
Not all graduate degrees are made equal. An MA in IR financed completely with loans may not actually offer you any sort of financial benefit in the long run. Always consider the payoff. If you plan on working in non-profit after you graduate, where do you think the money to pay off that $60-100K in loans is going to come from? </p>

<p>You don't need to have all the answers late, either.
If you don't know what you want to do, don't go to grad school. That's a catastrophically bad idea. A couple of years in the workforce will not only make you a better candidate, it will tell you WHY you want that MA, PhD, or whatever. Waiting is usually a good idea.</p>

<p>From WilliamC (Classics):
Study the websites of the programs you're interested in.
Virtually everything you need to know will be there or at the university's grad school pages. If you still have questions just call them up. And because every school is a little different, you want to do that for every program you apply to.</p>

<p>Re-align your ideas about "prestige".
For most fields, there are few, if any, reliable rankings and the big name undergraduate institutions will not necessarily have the best PhD programs in your field. Here again, your professors will be the best source of information for you. Remember, most of us are students too - we don't yet have the perspective and experience of even a brand new assistant professor.</p>

<p>From AppleLinguist (Linguistics):
Make (real) contact with individuals in the departments you apply to.
These are the people that will be part of the admission decision making process. Communicate your interests clearly and try to arrange a campus visit. Meet face to face with the professors that you would like to work with. Make sure to look at the department website thoroughly because in my experience, profs will just refer you to the website if it's a FAQ.</p>

<p>Grades are not everything when it comes to grad school.
If you are particularly worried about it, it may behoove you to do things that would complement your CV and help to draw attention away from your grades. For example, you might consider getting some work experience after you graduate. That way, though your grades may not be the best in the bunch, it could still benefit you to have that experience. Admissions people like work experience, especially relevant WE.</p>

<p>From ProfessorX (Director of Graduate Studies in an anonymous historyish field)
Money matters.
At the PhD level, there are assistantships and fellowships. Assistantships are awarded by the department in which a student will be studying ,and are usually either "research assistantships," "teaching assistantships," or "graduate assistantships." RAs usually carry full tuition remission as well as a stipend, and require, in return, serving as a research assistant to a professor in one's department. TAs also usually carry full tuition remission and a stipend, and require, in return, serving as a teaching assistant in one's department.</p>

<p>GAs also usually carry full tuition remission and a stipend, and can require many different sorts of "service," generally with an inflexible expectation of a certain number of hours a week (often 20). Examples of graduate assistantships are: tutoring in the Writing Center, serving as a resident assistant in undergraduate campus housing, serving as a trainer in the Rec Center, working in the library in some specified capacity, etc. Students who do not receive departmental assistantships can (and do) often apply for GAs of various sorts, so they do not have to fund their own studies.</p>

<p>Fellowships are a cut above assistantships. Unlike assistantships, they are not awarded by the department, but by the university. Departments must nominate their strongest candidates. Fellowships always carry full tuition remission, and often require absolutely no service. Some require only one year of service out of the three to five years for which they are awarded. This service is usually performed as a teaching or research assistant. Because fellowships are university-wide awards, competition is stiffer. GREs are often a central factor in the fellowship committee's decision making, because there are few truly interdisciplinary measures by which to rank candidates.</p>

<p>From DespSeekPhD (History)
It's all about your advisor.
Fit is important. Your advisor is going to be the one to get you those jobs after dissertation by writing recs and helping you network. The best scholarly work on your topic may be coming from a person at an institution ranked well below the top 10 or 20. However, academics understand this, and they will respect you coming from that advisor, as opposed to a program that doesn't fit your interests as well. They will wonder, "Why did he go there?"</p>

<p>There are so many distinctions when it comes to your PhD work - take a history PhD, for example. Is it European? African? Southern? If it's Asian, is it East Asia? Southeast Asia? Say it's east Asia. China? Korea? Japan? What about time period - ancient? medieval? early modern? modern? What type of history - social? religious? political? Maybe it's a comparative field - poverty? race relations? economic develpment? What about history of science?</p>

<p>The permutations are rather endless. An advisor that's doing work close to what you want to do can advise you better, making your dissertation better, and giving you better recs for job hunting. Yes, fit matters - a lot.</p>

<p>One bad grade or dropped class will not kill your chances! Most of us have dropped a class at some point in our college career, and we're doing just fine.</p>

<p>Here are a few more great points PMed to me by WilliamC:</p>

<p>
[quote]
Study the websites of the programs you're interested in. Virtually everything you need to know will be there or at the university's grad school pages. If you still have questions just call them up. And because every school is a little different, you want to do that for every program you apply to.</p>

<p>Re-align your ideas about "prestige". For most fields, there are few, if any, reliable rankings and the big name undergraduate institutions will not necessarily have the best PhD programs in your field. Here again, your professors will be the best source of information for you. Remember, most of us are students too - we don't yet have the perspective and experience of even a brand new assistant professor.

[/quote]
</p>

<p>I'll add my strong agreement with his second point -- if you come here saying you want to get into "an Ivy League grad school"... well, that doesn't make a whole lot of sense. You should be way more interested in which programs are well-respected in your field (and relatedly, which programs have professors doing research that really gets you excited) than in conventional notions of undergraduate prestige. Some of the best schools in your discipline might be at "prestigious" universities, but some are probably not.</p>

<p>As the boards resident cynic/overly opiniated poster, I must say that I agree with pretty much everything said in this thread. Solid advice from people who are already in grad school and know what they are talking about. Well done.</p>

<p>That's some great info. I'm in the process of applying to PhD programs in anthropology. Graduate admissions, in my mind, is more like applying to a competitive job...and much more personal than undergraduate admissions.<br>
And yea, prestige for graduate programs doesn't equal ivy league...even in my field some of the top programs include Arizona, Michigan, UT-Austin, NYU, Wisconsin, and UCSD.</p>

<p>Just a little query.....I have browsed through the forum and everywhere ppl have said that previous research work is the most important factor for admissions.......
Is this for phd only or this applies for terminal masters also???? I am interested in getting a masters degree in Computer Science Engineering!!
Is research as heavily weighted for masters in this field as for Phd prog......If not then what do grad schools look for while selecting Masters students (CSE)......</p>

<p>Thanks</p>

1 Like

<p>Abso,</p>

<p>Research is important depending on what field you are in. It is also markedly more important for a PhD applicant than someone applying for a terminal masters.</p>

<p>That's pretty much true. I was accepted into some of the top civil engineering grad programs for a terminal master's degree with no research experience, though I did have internships. Master's programs typically don't really emphasize research in the course of study; none of the ones I applied to required a thesis.</p>

<p>Hey Guys,</p>

<p>Thanks so much for the guide, very helpful. I do have a question though, I know you mentioned that GPA is not very important, but how important is the prestige of your undergraduate school (in regards to GPA, Professors, etc)? I just wonder as there's seemingly no real "ranking" of undergraduate programs in say History, what I am going into. Thanks!</p>

<p>What's the difference between interning at a company that does research than actually doing research. Isn't it the same?</p>

<p>
[quote]
I know you mentioned that GPA is not very important, but how important is the prestige of your undergraduate school (in regards to GPA, Professors, etc)?

[/quote]

The rigor and respectedness of your undergraduate program is considered in a sort of offhand way -- that is to say, students from well-respected and difficult programs will be given more leeway in GPA than other students. Put another way, your GPA matters more if you go to a school that doesn't have a stellar reputation. That's not to say that students who go to Elite U are on easy street, but they are given the benefit of the doubt with regard to GPA.</p>

<p>It's also much easier to get into graduate school if one of your recommenders happens to be a star in your field and writes a letter saying you're the best thing to have happened to your field since sliced bread. Those sorts of recommenders tend to be found in top departments, although of course not exclusively.</p>

<p>
[quote]
What's the difference between interning at a company that does research than actually doing research. Isn't it the same?

[/quote]

Generally, my feeling is that it's basically the same, particularly in something like engineering. Research and internships often serve the same purpose in grad school apps -- namely, showing the admissions committee that you're talented at designing and building stuff (or whatever you should be talented in) rather than just in spitting back memorized answers on exams.</p>

<p>I am still not very clear.......If research is not as important for terminal masters as it is for phd then what do grad schools look for in applicants???
I mean to ask that what can i do to make me stand out among a pool of applicants( apart from a couple of summer internships that i will be doing)......
I am specifically interested for a Masters degree in Computer Science Engineering.......Oh I forgot to mention that i am an intl student!!!!</p>

<p>Thanks</p>

<p>Abso,</p>

<p>Admissions for masters programs is generally much less rigorous and competitive than for PhD's. As such, admissions boards looking at your application for a terminal masters wont be looking for years of research, internships with NASA, and LOR's from Nobel Prize winners. They mainly want to know that you are dedicated and competent in the field and that you are a good all around applicant. This is not to say that admission to masters programs is a piece of cake, but rather that it is a whole different ballgame than PhD admissions.</p>

<p>There are usually huge differences between the acceptance rates for PhD programs and Master's programs at the same school. As for GPA, some of the schools which I looked at had a minimum 3.0 GPA to be considered, so that's an important milestone.</p>

<p>I plan to attend graduate school to get a Masters in Biomedical Engineering. However, my undergrad GPA will likely be in the 2.7-2.9 range. I feel uneasy that my GPA will keep me out of potential Master's programs. I attend a 25 school (UVa) and should have a year and a summer's worth of research. I would like to know if I will be able to get into good Master's programs i.e. (UPenn, Pitt, Drexel)?</p>

<p>Thanks.</p>

<p>Something else to consider when applying to graduate schools is to make contact with individuals in the departments you apply to because these are the people that will be part of the admission decision making process. Communicae your interests clearly and try to arrange a campus visit. Meet face to face with the professors that you would like to work with. Make sure to look at the department website thoroughly because in my experience, profs will just refer you to the website if it's a FAQ.</p>

<p>Grades are not everything when it comes to gradschool, but if you are particularly worried about it, it may behoove you to do things that would complement your CV and help to draw attention away from your grades. For example, in your case, Ummmm, you may want to consider getting some work experience in BE after you graduate. That way, though your grades may not be the best in the bunch, it could still benefit you to have that experience. Admissions people like work experience, especially relevant WE.</p>

<p>Ummmm, low grades can usually be countered by having some work experience after undergrad. Your GPA becomes less important the farther you get from undergrad.</p>

<p>Right out of undergrad with a major in English or Philosophy would a grad school accept the student into a PhD program with the understanding that their MA work will be included in the program of study? And, if so, does this give the international student more of a chance at fellowships and other funding, considering they may not be eligible for US gov't aid?</p>

<p>It depends on the PhD discipline, the university, the student's level of preparation...</p>

<p>In the humanities (and I'm speaking from a Classics/Classical Archaeology perspective) if a university offers the PhD in a discipline, the MA is nearly always part of the process rather than a separate degree. </p>

<p>Some PhD granting universities will sometimes admit students with great potential, but perhaps lacking some preparation to the MA program (rather than directly to the PhD track) in the expectation that the student will then prove himself (or not) and petition for entry to the PhD on completion of the MA. Each school's website will tell you about their admission procedures and requirements. You'll want to look both at each university's "graduate school admissions" site AND the appropriate departmental or program site.</p>

<p>That said, there are, in my field, a number of universities that offer excellent MA programs oriented toward students with less than perfect undergrad preparation. Again, in my field, those would be students who for example, were unable to take both Greek and Latin, either because their undergrad institution didn't offer one, or because they came to Classics late and just didn't have time. Most of these "feeder" MA programs have a very good reputation but generally don't offer much in the way of financial support.</p>

<p>If you have questions about a particular program, do not hesitate to call them directly. (But read their website first - almost everything you really need to know will be there these days.) Most schools are either on summer break or about to be right now, but the admins. should be around even if the professors aren't.</p>

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